The deadly earthquake and tsunami (海啸) that struck Japan on March 11 damaged two nuclear p

The deadly earthquake and tsunami (海啸) that struck Japan on March 11 damaged two nuclear power stations. Officials are now working to prevent dangerous radiation from poisoning the air in the area surrounding the Fukushima Daiichi plant. The Japanese government has ordered people living within 12 and a half miles of the plant to evacuate, and asked those living 12 and a half to 20 miles away to stay indoors.
Nuclear power plants create energy using a chemical reaction that produces large amounts of heat. Reactors(反应堆)in Japan have many long, thin rods, called fuel rods(棒), which must be kept cool.
If the reactor’s fuel rods aren’t cooled, the reaction can burn out of control. That’s what happened at the two Japanese plants after the quake caused a power failure and the cooling systems malfunctioned(发生故障). This overheating could cause radiation to escape and sicken many people.
Japan’s 54 nuclear reactors are built to withstand the many small or moderate earthquakes the country faces each year. But Friday’s earthquake was one of the most severe earthquakes ever recorded.
People exposed to unsafe levels of radiation have a higher than normal risk of getting cancer. The Japanese government has been distributing potassium iodide(碘化钾)pills to people in the surrounding areas to protect those who may have come in contact with radiation from the power plant. The pills flood the body with healthy potassium iodide. The potassium iodide works to crowd out “bad” iodine in the body that may have been poisoned by radiation.
On Tuesday morning, 750 workers left the Fukushima Daiichi plant. However, 50 workers stayed behind to use sweater to cool the fuel rods. These dedicated employees are risking their own lives to save many others.
On Thursday, officials used helicopters, fire trucks, and water cannons to spray water on the reactors to cool the fuel rods. But it’s not clear whether these efforts were successful. Officials are now working on a power line to restore electricity to the plant. They hope this will help restart the plant’s cooling system and stop the fuel rods from leaking radiation.
【小题1】The underlined word “evacuate” in Paragraph 1 probably means .A．helpB．restC．stopD．leave【小题2】What can we learn from the text?A．The local people are scared and ready to run away.B．The earthquake led to many deaths and caused damage to roads.C．The Japanese government has found a kind of pill that can treat cancer.D．The two stations were damaged because their cooling systems didn’t work.【小题3】In the last paragraph, the author mainly states .A．lack of helpB．international aidsC．the government’s effortsD．the result of the disaster【小题4】This text is most probably taken from .A．a research paperB．a newspaper reportC．a class presentationD．a chemistry textbookD

(答案→)D 解析：【小题1】D 推理题。根据The Japanese government has ordered people living within 12 and a half miles of the plant to evacuate, and asked those living 12 and a half to 20 miles away to stay indoors.可知政府让住在离核电站12.5英里这些人离开，之外的人待在家里，不要外出，以免受到辐射。故D正确。【小题2】D 细节题。根据第三段2，3行If the reactor’s fuel rods aren’t cooled, the reaction can burn out of control. That’s what happened at the two Japanese plants after the quake caused a power failure and the cooling systems malfunctioned(发生故障).说明正是因为冷却装置出来问题才导致这两个核电站被破坏，故D正确。【小题3】C 细节题。文章的最后一段都是政府为了避免灾难所做的各种努力，故C正确。【小题4】B 推理题。文章简述了福岛核电站的危机以及政府的救援行动，最有可能是新闻报道，不会是研究论文和班级简报，或者化学教科书。故B正确。

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