如何提高英语短文改错
- 提问者网友:箛茗
- 2021-04-23 20:10
- 五星知识达人网友:旧脸谱
- 2021-04-23 20:55
一. 动词形
主要包括两类错误:动词的时态和语态错误,以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如:
My favourire sport is football. I was a member of our school football team. is
Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. are
上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念,注意短文内容发生或存在的时间,保持时间概念的一致性。
二. 名词数
指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。例如:
…so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject. subjects
三. 区分形和副
及区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。
这也是高考短文改错的常考点。例如:w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. wonderful
Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. Unfortunately
需要注意的是,形容词多用来做定、表、补语等,而副词只能在句子中作状语,修饰动词、
形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的wonderful作定语修饰time,第二句的Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。
四. 非为动词细辨别w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误,也包括不定式类错误。例如:
…in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. interested
Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also … playing
My parents love me… and will do all they can ∧ make sure… to
上述二、三例分别是动名词作主语,和不定式作目的状语。一般的,现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义,而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义,不定式有将来时态的含义。
五. 习惯用法要记住
主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点,其错误表现形式主要有三种:
多词、少词和搭配错误。
例如:
It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and… of
We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves. of
六. 句子成分多分析
不同的句子成分要用不同的词类;不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析,才能找出用词不当的错误。例如:
They ∧eager to know everything about China and… were
I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. which
第一例漏掉了谓语动词were,这是受寒于习惯的影响而导致的错误;第二例则是词类与它在句子中的成分不相符,where是副词,不能作主语。
七. 逻辑错误须关注
与句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴,人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误,常是这类错误的考查对象。例如:
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. their
First, let me tell you something more about myself. 去掉more
… no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead. everyone w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
上述第一例中的主语是Smiths(史密斯夫妇俩),因此后面的his不合逻辑。第二例中的more
在这儿表“再”的意思,才开始告诉别人,怎么能说“再告诉你一些事”?第三例讲的是为了解决看电视时的争端,“我们”把电视机卖了;晚上没电视看了,所以与从前一样,大家又都读书了,所以该用everyone。
除了上述错误类型外,常考的错误形式还有:连词but, and, or和so的用法错误(可以归类为逻辑错误),以及冠词的用法错误等。例如:
She was smiling but nodding at me. and
It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. or
We may be one family and live under a same roof. the
下面是全国高考试题中的短文改错题。这道题较全面地反映了本文的口诀。现在请你试着做一做,然后参阅题后的答案与简析。
Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei
Mountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows, it’s famous 76. _____
Mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather 77. _____
Was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 78. _____
the mountain, the three of them were very excited. As we 79. _____
climbed the mountain, we ed monkeys, visiting temples 80. _____
and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture 81._____
since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. 82. _____
Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top 83. _____
of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was 84. _____
good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 85. _____
head touched the pillow.
答案与简析:
76. famous前加上a。 (名词数)。 77. 正确 78. we前面加when,引导一个时间状语从句。(句子成分多分析) 79. them→us (逻辑错误须关注) 80. visiting→visited(非谓动词细辨别) 81. picture→pictures(名词数) 82. passes→passed(动词形) 83. 去掉down(习惯用法要记住) 84. and→but(but, and, or和so) 85. 去掉at(句子成分多分析 / 习惯用法要记住)。
下面再次让我们熟悉一下短文改错的设错规律:错误类型包括缺词、多词和错词。其中1行正确,9行需要改正。
正确 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
多一词 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
缺一词 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
错一词 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 7 |
难度系数 | 0.44 | 0.42 | 0.47 | 0.46 |
短文改错常见错误类型w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
1. 谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点 常见动词错误类型有
① 一般现在时与一般过去时错用; ② and 前后动词时态不一致;
③ 主谓不一致; ④ 缺少动词,特别是be动词;
⑤ 第三人称单数形式错用; ⑥ 主动语态和被动语态错用。
1) They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies.(did 改为do 错误类型属于 ①)
2) As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.
(visiting 改为 visited错误类型属于②)
3) There will an important game next month.(will后加be错误类型属于④)
4)One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out.( ③ 主谓不一致)
2. 名词的常见错误
单复数名词错用;注意区分名词是可数还是不可数;或根据名词前的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数来判断。
① I’ll get good marks in all my subject.(subject 改为subjects)
② Their word were a great encouragement to me.(word 改为words)
③ Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well.(knowledges改为knowledge)
3. 连词错误
连词包括关系代词、副词,并列连词and/ or/but等
(一般考查从句关系 who/ whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether )
① I have a good friend who’s name is Liu Mei. (错用了who的所有格形式改为whose)
② I teach them, play with them, but watch them growing up.
(此处应该是并列的关系而非转折,but改为 and)
③ Clever as she is, but she works very hard.
④ When I was a child, rain was a mystery. In one class, I learned it rained.
4. 冠词错误w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
误用a和an(根据单词的因素来判定);误用a 和the(固定搭配,各自单独使用的地方)
多余的冠词或则少冠词。
① We may be one family and live under a same roof. (a 改为the the same 是固定搭配)
② As everyone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds of pants.
(mountain是可数名词需用冠词,所以加 a )
③ My teacher advised me to keep my dairy.
④ I hope you have pleasant journey.
5. 形容词和副词错误w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
1) 系动词后用形容词(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词 smell /feel)
2) 词性的误用 形容词修饰名词 修饰 实义动词,形容词和副词,过去分词用副词
① I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together.
(time是名词 所以要用形容词wonderful修饰)
② My pronunciation was terribly.
6. 代词错误
1)代词的主格和宾格(I / me; He/him; She/ her; We/ us ;They/ them )
2)反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)
3)代词的单数和复数
4)多余的代词和少代词
① Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English. (express oneself, me 改为 myself )
② One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher. (加it)
③ If any one of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other would help him out.
④ What’s more , you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him.
7. 非谓语动词的常见错误
1)不定式,动名词作主语,宾语。
2)and 连接的不定式或动名词前后一致(尤其距离较远时),
3)介词后用动名词ving形式作宾语。
4)某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。
① Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was…. (enjoy 后需接动名词 talk--talking)
② But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports.(作主语 改为 going )
③ Children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves.
④ I particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees.
8. 介词错误
1)词组中的介词误用,2)介词意思理解偏差,3)介词的多用或少用
① There are too many people among my family.
(among 改为in in my family 为固定搭配)
② I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. (去掉 at )
短文改错解题思路和检查原则
1)句中各部分的结构是否完整,特别是每个句子要有动词;
2)谓语动词的时态、语态;
3)非谓语动词的用法;w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
4)名词的单、复数,格的使用是否正确;
5)定冠词和不定冠词是否正确;
6)代词的格和性的使用是否有误;
7)定语从句中关系代词、副词是否准确无误;
8)并列句中的并列连词、主从复合句中的从属连词用的是否得当。
短文改错解题四原则
1)改动以最少为原则 2)虚词以添加或删除为原则 3)实词以改变词形为原则
4)以保持句子原意为原则
短文改错解题步骤
1)通读全文,掌握大意 2)整句分析,逐行推敲3)反复通读,复查验证
解题注意要点和能力培养
① 核对错项时,若的确有一时难以改出的地方。可以参考所改动项是否基本符合“1126”等题型比例。正确1个,多一词1个,缺词2个,错词6个。
② 核对改正的语法项目是否有重复。因为短文改错往往覆盖面广,一般不会出现重复考查某个语法点的现象。原文中每行改动只能改一词,答案也只能是一词。
③ 核对答题符号是否规范,位置是否准确,看看有无遗漏符号,忽略字母大写和拼写等问题
④ 如有两行都难以找到错误时,与其乱改一行,不如都打“√”以确保一行正确。
⑤ 从作文入手,提高自身语言运用素质
⑥ 合作学习,帮批帮改,提高识错、纠错能力
⑦ 精炼短文改错,抓好写、比、改三步
- 1楼网友:酒安江南
- 2021-04-23 22:26
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- 2021-04-23 21:26