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初三英语 8种时态 及用法

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解决时间 2021-01-29 20:22
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  • 2021-01-29 08:26
八种时态 及用法
最佳答案
  • 五星知识达人网友:骨子里都是戏
  • 2021-01-29 09:52
(1)一般现在时的基本用法

1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。

时间状语: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday

I leave home for school at 7 every morning.

2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。

The earth moves around the sun.

Shanghai lies in the east of China.

3) 表示格言或警句中。

Pride goes before a fall.

【注意】此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。

例:Columbus proved that the earth is round..

4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。

I don't want so much.

5) 某些动词如 come, go, move, stop, leave, arrive, be, finish, continue, start 等,在一般现在时句中可用来表示将来肯定会发生的动作。

The train comes at 3 o'clock.

6) 在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,一般现在时代替一般将来时。

I'll help you as soon as you have problem.

Tell Xiao Li about it if you meet him.

(2)一般过去时的用法:

表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况,通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词,词组或从句,如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。

I worked in that factory last year.

【注意】

1) 过去经常反复发生的动作,也可用used to或would加动词原形来表达,例如:

I used to go fishing on Sundays.

2) “used to”也可用于表示过去曾经存在过的状态。例如:

This river used to be clean.

(3)一般将来时的用法

1)表示将来的动作或状态。例如:

I shall attend the meeting tomorrow.

2)表示将来反复发生的动作或存在的状态。例如:

He will go to see his mother every Saturdays.

3)表示将来的意愿,决心,许诺, 命令等时常用will,征求对方意见,主语是第一人称时,常用shall。

I will do my best to catch up with them.

Shall I open the door?

4)be + going + 动词不定式。也是一种将来时句型,表示打算,计划,最近

或将来要作的某事。

I am going to Beijing next week.

5)be + 动词不定式。表示有职责,义务,可能,约定,意图等。

There is to be a meeting this afternoon.

We are to meet the guests at the station.

6)be about + 动词不定式,表示马上,很快作某事。

They are about to leave.

(4)现在进行时的用法

1) 现在进行时的用法表示说话者说话时正在发生或者进行的动作, 它注重

现在正在进行的动作,而不管动作从什么时间开始,到什么时间结束。

What are you doing now?

I am looking for my key.

2) 现在进行时表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作(但说话时这个动作不一定在进行)。

The students are preparing for the examination.

3) 某些动词的现在进行时可以表示即将发生的动作,这些动词有 arrive, come, leave, start等。

They are going to Hong Kong tomorrow.

【注意】有些动词一般不可以用于进行时态

①表示状态的动词,尤其是静态动词,如:be, have

②表示认识、知觉和情感的动词,如:know, think, hear, find, see, like, want, wish, prefer等。

(5)现在完成时的用法

1) 现在完成时表示在说话之前已经完成或刚完成的动作。

I have bought a ten-speed bicycle.

They have cleaned the classroom.

2) 现在完成时表示动作从过去开始持续到现在,或者还有可能持续下去的动作或状态。 现在完成时常与for 和 since 引导的短语或从句连用。

We have lived here since 1976.

They have waited for more than two hours.

【注意】

一般过去时与现在完成时的区别

过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响;一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用。

试比较:

I saw this film yesterday.(强调看的动作发生过了,不涉及现在)

I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。)

(6)过去进行时的用法

表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。例如:

I was watching TV when she came to see me.

【注意】

过去进行时和一般过去时都是过去发生的事情,但过去进行时侧重表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或所处的状态,强调动作的连续进行,而一般过去时则表示单纯的过去事实,例如:

They were building a house last month. (上个月正在建造,建造好与否不知)

They built a new house last month. (上个月建造好了,动作已经完成)

(7)过去完成时的用法

过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或所处的状态,过去完成时常和 by , before 等词组成的短语和从句连用。

We had already learned two thousands words by the end of last year.

When we arrived at the station, they had waited for more than twenty minutes.

(8)过去将来时的用法

过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在地状态,过去将来时较多地被运用在宾语从句中。例如:

They were going to have a meeting.

I told him that I would see him off at the station.
全部回答
  • 1楼网友:何以畏孤独
  • 2021-01-29 10:38

一、一般现在时的用法

1.表示现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作。常与always, usually, often, sometimes, every day (week, month)等连用。

    he plays football twice a week.    i sometimes go to work on foot.

2.表示现在的事实或状态。

    it’s cold today.    you look tired now.

3.表示主语所具有的特征,性格和能力等。

    she is a famous singer.    tom likes swimming.

4.表示客观事实或普遍真理。

    it’s far from the earth to the sun.    five and three makes eight.

5.表示已预先安排或计划好将来确定会发生的动作。但主要用于go, come, leave, start, return, arrive等瞬间动词。

    the train from london arrives at 7:00.    he leaves on business the day after tomorrow.

6.在时间及条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。

    i’ll call you as soon as i get there.    i’ll come if he invites me.

7.在以here, there开头的句子里,表示正在发生的动作。

    here comes the bus!    there goes the bell!铃响了!

    当主语是代词时,代词必须放在动词之前。如:    there he comes!他来了!

8.某些表示心理状态和感觉的动词,如feel, love, hope, want, understand等表示现在发生的具体行为。

    i feel pain in my head.    i don’t understand what you mean.      此时只用一般现在时而不用现在进行时。

 二、一般过去时的用法

1.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示过去时间的副词如:yesterday, last week, two hours ago等连用。

   my family moved here five years ago.   i was born in 1973.。

2.表示过去一段时间经常或反复发生的动作。这时可与频度副词如:often, usually, always等连用。

   he always worked into night those days.   i often left on business in 1987.1987

表示“过去经常,而今不再”时,要用used to(意指现在已不是这样)

  如:i used to read newspaper after breakfast.  the children often swam in this river. 

3.表示过去发生的一连串动作。

   he put down the heavy box, took out the keys, and opened the door.

    过去发生的一连串动作,若用and, or, but等并列连词连接,则一律用过去式。

  they moved the chairs to the table, sat down and began to have supper.

4.在时间和条件状语从句中,用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。

   he said that he would let me know as soon as he got the information.

   mary told me that she would stay at home if it rained.

 三、 一般将来时的用法

(1)表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语如next month, tomorrow, in a week, soon等连用。

    i will go to the zoo next sunday.    she’ll go to the cinema tonight.

(2)表示将来经常发生的动作    some birds will fly away to the south when winter comes.

(3)“be going to+动词原形”可以表示:

i)根据目前迹象某件事情很有可能发生。   look at those clouds! it’s going to rain.

  ii)打算、计划、决定要做某事   we’re going to meet outside the school gate.

will与be going to都可表示将来,通常可互换,但下面几种情形只用will而不用be going to。

(1)表示“带有意愿色彩的将来”时

   i’ll help you if you need.

(2)问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时

   will you go shopping with me?    will you please open the door?

(3)表示客观必然会发生的事情   it will be monday tomorrow.

(4)在含有时间状语从句或条件状语从句的复合句中,主句如果是将来时,则多用will。

i’ll take care of your baby when you are out.    i’ll open the window if you smoke here.

四、过去将来时的用法

    过去将来时的用法与一般将来时的用法相同(参见一般将来时)

    过去将来时表示过去习惯性的动作时,只能用would,而不用should。如:

i would swim in this pool when i was a child.    this window wouldn’t close.

五、 现在进行时的用法

(1)表示现在正在进行或发生的动作。常与now, at present, at this, moment等连用。

it is snowing now.    he is watching tv at present

(2)与these days, this week/month等连用,表示现阶段正在进行的动作。

he is studying hard these days.        he is writing a book.

    在“look!, listen!”等感叹句后,通常用现在进行时。如:

look! the bus is coming. 

比较:look! there comes the bus.(以here, there为首的句子以一般现在时表示正在进行的动作。)

(3)与表示将来的时间状语连用,表示最近计划或安排好的将要发生的动作,主要用于go, come, arrive, leave start, return等瞬间动词。即用现在进行时表示将来。

  he is leaving for nanjing tonight.     the meeting is beginning at three this afternoon.

(4)与always, continually, forever等词连用,表示反复出现的动作,代替一般现在时,表达说话人强烈的感情。如赞扬、不满、讨厌等。如:

  he is always asking such silly questions.      he is continually making mistakes.。

没有进行时的动词

1. 表示“存在、位置”的动词。如:be(是),lie(位于),stand(位于)

    she is a doctor.      the mountain lies in the middle of the country.      the tower stands beside the river.

    lie, stand分别作“躺、站”解时,可用于现在进行时。如:

    the cat is lying under the table.        he is standing against the door.

2. 表示“所有”的动词。如:have(有),own(拥有)

    i have a new car.      he owns a lot of houses. 

    当have作“吃、举行”讲时,可用于现在进行时。如:

she is having lunch now.   they are having a sports meeting. 

3. 表示感觉的动词。如:see(看到),hear(听到),smell(闻到),feel(摸起来),taste(尝起来),find(发现)等。

    i see a snake lying in the grass. 

4. 表示心理活动和情感的动词,如:know(知道),understand(理解),think(作为),like(喜欢),love(爱),hate(恨),hope(希望),want(想要)等

    i think they are right.    i like music.  

    think作“想,考虑”解时,可用于进行时态。如:

i’m thinking about it now.      do you know what he is thinking about?

六、 过去进行时的用法

    过去进行时的用法与现在进行时用法相同,只不过参照的时间基准点不同。

(1)过去进行表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。一般和特定的时间状语或状语从句连用。如:then, at that time, at eight yesterday, this time yesterday, when he came in等。

    i was playing volley-ball this time last sunday.      li fang was watching tv when her father came back.

(2)过去进行时表示过去某段时间是持续进行的动作。

    they were making ships last month.

(3)go, come, leave等瞬间动词的过去进行时表示过去某一时间安排或计划好的即将发生的动作。

    the plane was arriving at eight.飞

    过去进行时与一般过去时的区别

过去进行时表示过去某一动作正在进行,强调“动作的连续性”,而一般过去时则表示一个完成的动作,强调“有过这件事”。

i was playing chess last night.    i played chess last night.

my father worked last sunday.     my father was working last sunday.

七、 现在完成时的用法

(1)表示动作已经完成,但后果或影响仍在。常与already, just, yet等副词连用。

i have just read your letter.      he has already come back.

(2)表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在。常与for或since引导的一段时间状语连用。

he has lived here for three years.    i have been here since 1976.

    ①.for后通常跟一个时间段,而since后只能跟一个具体的时间点。

如:for two weeks持续两周时间;since monday自从周一。

    ②.现在完成时的肯定句,其谓语动词如果是瞬间动词,如come, go, begin, join等,则不可与表示一段时间的状语连用。

如:他到此两周了:he has arrived here for two weeks.(×)

此时需转换表达方式: ①用ago代替for,并改为一般过去时②用延续性动词代替瞬间动词③用it is/it has been…since…句型,如:

  he arrived here two weeks ago. 

  he has been here for two weeks. 

 it is/it has been two weeks since he arrived here.

当瞬间动词用于否定句时,则可以与时间段连用。如:

i haven’t gone there for six years.

(3)表示过去发生过一次或多次的动作已成为某种经验。

i have been to paris twice.    it’s one of the most interesting films i’ve ever seen. 

     比较have been to与have gone to

    have been to表示“去过某地”,现在已回来了,可以与ever ,since等词连用。如:    i have ever been to london.

have gone to表示“去某地了”现在尚未回来,不能与ever, since等词连用。     he has gone to london.

 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

    二者都表示“动作已经发生”,区别在于:

(1)现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系,即对现在产生的结果、影响等,而一般过去时只表示过去的事实,不表示和现在的关系。

he has learned french for three years.他学法语已三年了。

he learned french for three years.他曾学过三年法语。

who has taken my bag? i couldn't find it. 谁拿走了我的包?我找不着了!

he cleaned the house yesterday. 他昨天打扫过房间。

     the room is clean, for he has cleaned it already. 房间很干净,因为他已经打扫过了。

(2)现在完成时不可与表示过去的时间副词连用,而一般过去时则可以。

    he has done some washing yesterday. (f)

    he did some washing yesterday. (t)

    他昨天洗衣服了。  

八、 过去完成时的用法

与现在完成时的用法相同,只不过作为衡量基准点的时间点不同,现在完成时以现在作为衡量的基准点,而过去完成时则以过去某个时刻作为基准点。

(1)    表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前完成了的动作,即“过去的过去”,常by, before引导的时间状语连用。如:

    by the time he was ten, edison had built a lab for himself.

  he had measured me before i could get in a word.我还没说话,他已把衣服量完了。

  we had scarcely reached the school before it began to rain.  我们刚到学校天就下雨了。

(2)表示由过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for和since引导的时间状语相连用。

   she said she had worked in that hospital for 20 years.

    he said he had taught in the university since 1957.

(3)叙述过去发生的事情后,反过来又追叙或补述更早以前发生的动作时,常用过去完成时。

    i knew nothing about this matter, for i had been away for six month.

    some people ran into the street. they had heard a loud noise.

九、时态的一致

  在一些从句(主要是宾语从句)中谓语动词的时态,常常受主句中谓语动词时态的影响,这叫做时态的一致。

  时态的一致通常分以下一些情况下考虑:

1.当主句中的谓语动词是现在时态或将来时态,在这种情况下,从句的谓语动词可以用任何所需时态。如:

i know that mr. brown is a good teacher. 

she believes that he was once a solider. 

     he will tell us what he is going to do. 

2.当主句中的谓语动词是过去的某种时态,在这种情况下,从句的谓语动词可以分为下面三种情况:

  (1)如果从句的谓语动词所表示的动作与主句的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,从句则需要用一般过去时或过去进行时。如:

  he was wondering where he could put the box.

  the students were talking while the teacher was writing on the blackboard. 

(2)如果从句的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主语的谓语动作之前,从句则要用过去完成时。如:

      he said his father had been dead for twenty years. 他说他父亲已经去世二十年了。

 (3)如果从句的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主语的谓语动作之后,从句则要用过去将来时。如:

she said she would finish the work tonight. 

we knew that it was going to snow. 

3.当从句所说明的为一般真理或客观事实时,无论主句为何时态,从句不受影响,仍用现在时态。

the boy was told that the moon travels around the earth. 

everybody knows that sixty minutes make an hour.

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