Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Critici

Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes(运动员). Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.
　　The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents' and coaches' criticisms to heart and find a flaw (缺陷) in themselves.
　　Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today's youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters' performances. Positive reinforcement should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.
【小题1】An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is A．to reduce their mental stressB．to increase their sense of successC．to make sports less competitiveD．to make sports more challenging【小题2】According to the passage sport is positive for young people in that .A．it can help them learn more about societyB．it enables them to find flaws in themselvesC．it can provide them with valuable experiencesD．it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves【小题3】Many coaches and parents are in the habit of criticizing young athletes .A．believing that criticism is beneficial for their early developmentB．without realizing criticism may destroy their self confidenceC．in order to make them remember life's lessonsD．so as to put more pressure on them【小题4】According to the passage parents and coaches should .A．pay more attention to letting children enjoy sportsB．help children to win every gameC．train children to cope with stressD．enable children to understand the positive aspect of sports【小题5】The author's purpose in writing the passage is .A．to teach young athletes how to avoid burnoutB．to persuade young children not to worry about criticismC．to stress the importance of positive reinforcement to childrenD．to discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragementA

(答案→)A 解析：本文讲述的是体育活动不仅是对体魄的挑战也是对心里的挑战。批评是没有用的，【小题1】B 文章第一段提到，体育活动不仅是对体魄的挑战，也是对心理的挑战。惯用批评对年轻的运动有害无益。能给运动员带来身体、感情、心理方面的压力，以致毁坏身心健康放弃曾带来欢愉的活动。所以防止损害年轻运动员身心健康的有效途径不是C“减少体育的竞技性”；不是D “增加体育的挑战性”；也不是A，因为只“减轻思想压力”是不够的。而应该像第三段后面所说，积极鼓励即增强运动员的自信心和成就感。【小题2】C 文章第二段中The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place.此句表示体育活动能为年轻人提供极其有价值的一生都有用的人生经历。故体育对年轻人的积极作用就在于C。【小题3】B 教练及父母习惯于批评年轻的运动员既不是C“使他们记住生活中的教训 ”；不是A“ 认为批评对他们的早期发展有益”，文中未提及父母、教练对批评的看法；也不是D“给他们施加更大的压力”。故B “未意识到批评会挫伤他们的自信心”正确。这与第二段末尾两句意思吻合。【小题4】A 作者在第三段开头指出参与体育运动不是孩子的工作或任务，重在参与。比赛结果并不重要，更重要的是通过参与增加人生阅历。所以作者建议教练及父母应鼓励孩子积极参与 “注意让孩子从体育活动中获得乐趣”。故A最为贴切。【小题5】C 作者写该文目的是告诉人们批评会给孩子造成各方面负担和压力，积极鼓励才会对孩子的成长有益。故“强调积极鼓励对孩子成长的重要性”切题。

就是这个解释

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