英语定语从句框图总结（框架！）
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一 名词性从句:
1. 主要包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句. 一般由that 引起,也可由who, what, when, why, which, whom, whether, how 引起.
2. 主语从句很多情况下都可以放到句子后面,而用代词it作形式上的主语. :
3. 形式宾语
4. 由名词性关系代词whatever, whoever, whichever 等引起的宾语从句
5. whether and if 都能引导从句, 但用法有所不同. 当主语从句直接位于句首时,应用whether,而不用if. whether 后能直接or not, 但if 不能.
whether he will come or not is not known.
6. 在名词reason后的表语从句必须用that引导, 不可误用 because.
the reason why he is often late for class is that he has the bad habit of getting up late in the morning.
二: 定语从句
1. 引导定语从句的关系词有who, whom, whose, that, when, where, why and which. 在非限制定语从句中, 只可用which, who, whose, where , when., 如果指代前面整个句子, 多用which.
2. 当引导定语从句的先行词前有all, any, no, little, much, very first 等词, 或先行词前为形容词最高级所修饰时,或先行词为all, anything, nothing, something, everything 时,从句的引导词只能用that.
3. as 可做引导词引导定语从句, 多和such, the same 连用. as 引导的定语从句也可修饰整个句子, 既可放在先行词后,也可放在句子开头.
4. 介词+which/whom/whose从句
5. 代/名+介词+which 从句
6. 同位语从句和定语从句
三 状语从句:
修饰主句中的动词, 形容词和副词, 通常有从属连词引导, 按其意义和作用可分为时间, 地点, 条件, 原因, 让步, 目的, 结果, 方式, 比较.等
1. 时间状语从句:
1) 常见连词有 after, as, before, once, since, till, (not)until, when, whenever(no matter when), while, as long as, as soon as etc.
2) no sooner…than, hardly(scarcely, barely)…when: 刚做…就….
3) 还有 immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, the second, every time etc
2. 地点状语从句: 一般用where or wherever 引导
3. 条件状语从句:真实条件从句:if, unless, so long as, provided that, supposing that, on condition that, in the event that, in case that etc
4. 原因状语从句: 从属连词有because, as ,since, for, now, that, in that, seeing that, considering that(鉴于,由于)
5. 让步状语从句:
1): even if, though, even though, while(尽管) no matter what/how/which, however, whatever, whichever, however etc.
2) 由as 引起的让步从句, 语气较强烈,被强调的词须放在句首.
3) whether…or,不管…或…
6. 结果状语从句: so that, so…that, such…that
7. 目的状语从句: so that, in order that, for fear that, lest, in case
8. 方式状语从句: as, just as, as if: 如同…一样
9. 比较状语从句:
1) as…as, not so/as…as
2) 比较级+than, so much/a lot more than
3) no more…than, not more…than, less…than
初中英语定语从句用法及配套练习
初中英语定语从句用法及配套练习
| 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二、定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三、定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
四、关系代词的用法
1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：
mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）
the coat （that） i put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）
2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：
the building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）
the film （which） we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）
3.who， whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom， 也可省略。例如：
the girl who often helps me with my english is from england.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语）
who is the teacher （whom） li ming is talking to？ 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语）
注意：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who， that， which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：
this is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。
please tell me from whom you borrowed the english novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：
this is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。
（3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：
the city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。
（4）关系词只能用that的情况：
a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
he was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
b.被修饰的先行词为all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？ 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？
c.先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
this is the same bike that i lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that， 而不用which.例如：
i can remember well the persons and some pictures that i saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：
who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？
f.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：
there is a book on the desk that belongs to tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
（5）关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：
a.先行词为that， those时，用which， 而不用that.例如：
what’s that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？
b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如：
this is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which， 而不用that.例如：
tom came back， which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。
五、关系副词的用法
（1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：
this was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
（2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：
this is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。
（3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：
nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
单项填空。
1. -do you know the man ______is talking with your father？
-yes， he’s our headmaster.
a. he b. who c. which d. whom
2. is this the river _____i can swim？
a. which b. in which c. that d. the one
3. this is the best hotel in the city _____i know.
a. where b. which c. that d. it
4. can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day？
a. that you bought b. you bought it
c. that you bought it d. which you bought it
5. anyone ______with what i said may put up you hands.
a. which agrees b. who agree
c. who agrees d. which agree
6. my watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.
a. that b. it c. which who
7. the man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate
a. who’s b. whose c. that of which.
8. the girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.
a. which； is b. whom； was c. who； is d. who； was
9. i love places ______the people are really friendly.
a. that b. which c. where d. who
10. the world ______ is made up of matter.
a. in that we live b. on which we live
c. where we live in d. we live in
ⅱ. 用适当的关系代词that， which， who， whom填空。
1. the first thing ______you must do is to have a meal.
2. april 1st is the day _____is called april fool’s day in the west.
3. the family _____had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.
4. the house _____we live in is very old.
5. didn’t you see the man ______i talked with just now？
参考答案：
i. 1-5bbcac 6-10 abccd
ⅱ. 1. that 2. which / that 3. who / that 4. that / which 5. who/ whom/ that
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