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小叶榕、榕树的英语资料

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解决时间 2021-11-08 15:12
  • 提问者网友:练爱
  • 2021-11-08 06:41
小叶榕、榕树的英语资料
最佳答案
  • 五星知识达人网友:渊鱼
  • 2021-11-08 06:50
榕树
banyan
banian

East Indian tree that puts out aerial shoots that grow down into the soil forming additional trunks

A banyan is a fig that starts its life as an epiphyte when its seeds germinate in the cracks and crevices on a host tree (or on structures like buildings and bridges). "Banyan" often refers specifically to the species Ficus benghalensis, though the term has been generalized to include all figs that share a unique life cycle, and sytematically to refer to the subgenus Urostigma[1] The seeds of banyans are dispersed by fruit-eating birds. The seeds germinate and send down roots towards the ground, and may envelope part of the host tree or building structure with their roots, giving them the casual name of "strangler fig". The "strangling" growth habit is found in a number of tropical forest species, particularly of the genus Ficus, that compete for light.[2][3][4] Any Ficus species showing this habit may be termed a strangler fig.

Older banyan trees are characterized by their aerial prop roots which grow into thick woody trunks which, with age, can become indistinguishable from the main trunk. Old trees can spread out laterally using these prop roots to cover a wide area. The largest such tree is now found in Kolkata in India. One of the most famous of banyan trees was planted in Kabirvad, Gujarat. Records show that Kabirvad is more than 300 years old. Another famous banyan tree was planted in 1873 in Lahaina's Courthouse Square in Hawai'i, and has now grown to cover two-thirds of an acre.

Like other Fig species (which includes the common edible fig Ficus carica), banyans have unique fruit structures and are dependent on fig wasps for reproduction.

[edit] Etymology
The name was originally given to F. benghalensis and comes from India where early travellers observed that the shade of the tree was frequented by banias or Indian traders.[5]

In the Gujarati language, banyan means "merchant", not "tree". The Portuguese picked up the word to refer specifically to Hindu merchants and passed it along to the English as early as 1599 with the same meaning. By 1634, English writers began to tell of the banyan tree, a tree under which Hindu merchants would conduct their business. The tree provided a shaded place for a village meeting or for merchants to sell their goods. Eventually banyan came to mean the tree itself. Today, the banyan is considered sacred in India and Pakistan, where it represents eternal life because of its seemingly ever-expanding branches.

[edit] Classification

Early stages of a strangler fig on a host tree in the Western Ghats.The proper noun Banyan refers specifically to the species F. benghalensis, which can grow into a giant tree covering several hectares. Over time, the name became generalized to all strangler figs. It appears that "banyan" is the more common term in Asia, Australia and Oceania, while "strangler fig" is more often used in the Americas and Africa.[citation needed] There are many banyan species, including:

Ficus microcarpa, which is native from Sri Lanka through New Caledonia and is a significant invasive species elsewhere.
The Central American Banyan (Ficus pertusa) is native to Central America and northern South America, from southern Mexico south to Paraguay.
The Shortleaf Fig (Ficus citrifolia) is native to southern Florida, the Caribbean Islands, Central America and South America south to Paraguay. One theory is that the Portuguese name for F. citrofolia, "Los Barbados", gave Barbados its name.
The Florida Strangler Fig (Ficus aurea) is also native to southern Florida and the Caribbean Islands, and distinguished from the above by its coarser leaf venation.
The Moreton Bay Fig (Ficus marcrophylla) and Port Jackson Fig (Ficus rubiginosa) are other related species

In culture
Religion and mythology

Ficus macrophylla in the Orto botanico di Palermo, ItalyIn Hindu religion, the banyan tree is considered sacred and is called "Ashwath Vriksha" ("I am Banyan tree among trees" - Bhagavad Gita). It represents eternal life because of its seemingly ever-expanding branches.
In Hindu mythology, the banyan tree is also called kalpavriksha meaning 'wish fulfilling divine tree'. In modern parlance in the Hindi language, it is known as Bargad, Vatavriksh, and Barh.
In many stories of Philippine Mythology, the banyan, (locally known as balite) is said to be home to a variety of spirits and demon-like creatures (among the Visayans, specifically, dili ingon nato,meaning "things not like us"). Maligno (Mystical creatures) associated with it include the kapre (a giant), dwende (dwarves), and especially the tikbalang (a creature whose top half is a horse and whose bottom half is a human). [6]
In Guam, 'Chamorro people believe in tales of taotaomona, duendes and other spirits. Taotaomona are spirits of the ancient Chamorro that act as guardians to banyan trees.[7]
Locations

Banyan of undetermined species in Fort Myers, FloridaCity of Vadodara in western India is named after Banyan Tree.
Ta Prohm in the Angkor Wat temple complex of Cambodia is well known for the giant banyans that grow up, around and through its walls.
Several banyans can be found near downtown Hilo, Hawaii. Some of them were planted by celebrities throughout the 20th century and form the Banyan Drive.
Strangler figs also occur in areas of Australia such as the Daintree rainforest in Queensland's far north. Well known is the Curtain Fig Tree on the Atherton Tablelands.
The first banyan tree in the U.S. was planted by Thomas Alva Edison in Fort Myers, Florida. It was given to Edison by Harvey Firestone after Firestone visited India in 1925 and was planted in the Edison and Ford Winter Estates. The tree, originally only 4 feet (1.2 m) tall, now covers 400 feet (120 m).
Fiction
Robinson Crusoe, in the 1719 novel by Daniel Defoe makes his home in a banyan tree.
Brian Aldiss, in his novel Hothouse, describes a future Earth where a single huge banyan covers half of the globe, due to the fact that individual trees discover the ability to join together, as well as drop adventitious roots.
On the Steely Dan album "Aja", the title track includes the lyrics: "Chinese music under banyan trees / Here at the dude ranch above the sea"
In Stephen R. Donaldson's Chronicles of Thomas Covenant, he describes the giant tree-city of Revelwood being built out of a huge banyan with multiple trunks that occupies an entire valley.
Other

The coat of arms of IndonesiaThe banyan is part of the coat of arms of Indonesia. It is meant to symbolise the unity of Indonesia - one country with many far-flung roots.
Royal Navy and Royal Australian Navy personnel use the term "banyan" to mean a spell ashore for a BBQ on some deserted beach. "Banyan Rig" denotes the casual (and often traditionally tasteless) clothes worn for these events.
The underground roots of a banyan species found in the Amazon are cut into 10 cm lengths, dried and smoked regularly to relieve pain. This practice originated in the Amazon. There are no visible side effects.[citation needed]

榕树印度榕树
印度商人

东方印度的树,其发出成长为土壤形成附加短内裤的下来航空的发射的

一棵印度榕树是一无花果,当它的种子在一棵主人树上(或者有关像建筑物和桥)结构劈啪声和裂缝中发芽的时候,其开始它的作为一附生植物生活的."印度榕树"常常特别提到品种Ficus benghalensis虽然术语已经是未分化的,包含所有的无花果,其分担一独一无二生命周期和sytematically亚属请参阅Urostigma[[1]的印度榕树的种子被水果-吃饭鸟驱散.种子发芽和使向地根下降,和信封部分主人树或者建筑物可以用他们的根设计给他们"扼杀者无花果"的偶然名字."strangling"成长习惯被热带森林品种的在数量上找出,尤其是争夺light.[[2][[3][[4]的类Ficus任何展示这个习惯Ficus品种可以被被称为一扼杀者图

更老印度榕树树的特点是他们的航空的支柱根,其成长为随着年龄,能变得和主要树干无法区分的厚树木茂盛的短内裤的.老树能扩展出去侧面地使用这些支柱根覆盖一个宽阔区域.现在最大这样树被在Kolkata中在印度发现.一个印度榕树树的最出名被在Kabirvad,古吉拉特邦上固定.记录展示Kabirvad是超过300岁.另一棵出名印度榕树树被在Lahaina的法院大楼中在Hawai'i中四方在1873上固定和有现在要盖住三分之两-的一大量长出.

喜欢另一无花果品种(哪一个包含共用可食用无花果Ficus carica),印度榕树为复制品有独一无二水果结构和是依靠无花果小蜂.

[编辑]词形变化早在那里旅行家注意到树的荫凉处被banias或者印度的traders.[[5]常去,名字被原来给F.
benghalensis和来自印度

在古吉拉特语语言中,印度榕树意味着"商人",不"树".葡萄牙人随着同样的意思继续词特别提到印度人的商人和沿着把它传给早在1599英语.到1634年,英语作者开始印度榕树的告诉树,一棵树在其之下印度人的商人将进行他们的生意.树提供稍稍有一点一村落会议或者商人出售他们的货物地方.最终印度榕树开始意味着它自己树.今天,印度榕树在印度和巴基斯坦它在哪里,由于它的永远-表面上扩展分枝代表永生的被认为是神圣.

[编辑]分类

一在一棵在西部片Ghats.The专有名词印度榕树中主人树上扼杀者无花果的初期特别提到品种F.能变为一巨人树覆盖物长出几公顷的benghalensis.在时间的时间中,名字变得对所有的扼杀者图好像与此同时"扼杀者无花果"那里更常常在美洲和Africa.[[需要]引用使用的,"印度榕树"是更共用在亚洲术语,澳大利亚和澳洲是未分化的包含很多印度榕树品种:

Ficus microcarpa,其从斯里兰卡通过新喀里多尼亚是故土和其它地方是一重要入侵的品种的.中美洲印度榕树
((Ficus pertusa)去巴拉圭向南是从南方墨西哥中美洲和北方南亚美利加洲土生土长.Shortleaf无花果((Ficus
citrifolia)去巴拉圭向南是南方佛罗里达,加勒比海的岛,中美洲和南亚美利加洲土生土长.理论是为F.
citrofolia",Los巴巴多斯"葡萄牙人名字给巴巴多斯它的名字的.佛罗里达扼杀者无花果((Ficus aurea)也是南方
佛罗里达和加勒比海的岛土生土长和从上面的按它的更粗糙树叶脉序辨认.大叶榕((Ficus marcrophylla)和港口
杰克逊Fig((Ficus rubiginosa)是另一相关品种

在文化宗教和神话中

在Orto botanicodi巴勒莫,ItalyIn印度人的宗教,印度榕树树中Ficus macrophylla被认为是神圣和被被称作
"Ashwath Vriksha"的(我是在树-"福者之歌"中间印度榕树树.它由于它的永远-表面上扩展分枝代表永生.在印度
人的神话中,印度榕树树是也称为kalpavriksha意思'心愿履行神树'.在印地语语言中现代说法中,它是以是
Bargad,Vatavriksh和Barh而闻名.在菲律宾的神话的很多层楼中,(在附近称作balite)印度榕树据说在家向各种各
样的情绪和像恶魔一样的生物((在Visayans中间,特别,dili ingon北大西洋公约组织,意思"东西不喜欢我们
)".Maligno和它有关的(具有心灵意义的生物)包含kapre((一个巨人),dwende((dwarves)和特别tikbalang((一生
物,最好的其一半是一匹马和谁的最底下一半是一个人)的.在关岛,夏莫罗人人民身上[6]信仰故事如taotaomona,
魅力和另一情绪.Taotaomona是古老夏莫罗人的向印度榕树trees.[[7]充任监护人的情绪位置

在堡垒Myers,FloridaCity中在西方印度尚未决定的品种的Vadodara的印度榕树被命名以纪念印度榕树树.在柬埔
寨的吴哥Wat庙宇综合体中谢谢Prohm是好以在它的墙周围和通过长大的巨人印度榕树而闻名.几棵印度榕树能被为
找到近闹市希洛,夏威夷.他们中的一些在整个第20世纪被名人固定和形成印度榕树推动力.扼杀者无花果在澳大利
亚的例如Daintree雨林在昆士兰州的远北方中区域中也发生.好闻名幕布无花果树是在Atherton台地上.第一在美
国中印度榕树树被爱迪生在堡垒Myers,佛罗里达上固定.在耐火岩石在爱迪生和福特Winter产业中在1925年访问印
度和被固定之后,被哈维Firestone责备爱迪生.现在原来仅有4英尺((1.2米)高树走完400英尺((120米).在经过丹
尼尔Defoe 1719小说中小说乘船遇险后靠自己努力得以存活者到达他的在一棵印度榕树树中家.在他的新鲜温室中
布赖恩Aldiss描绘一将来地球一在哪里,单一的巨大印度榕树事实个人树发现以及下降不定根一起加入的才能由于
盖住地球地球仪的一半的.在钢的丹唱片集"Aja"上,题目轨迹包含抒情诗:在印度榕树下面中国音乐把/占领一整个
山谷的巨人树-城市Revelwood,被从一出来巨大印度榕树用多重短内裤建立撵到树上//这里在斯蒂温R. Donaldson
的汤姆斯Covenant的"历代志"上册中大海之上度假牧场,他描绘.其他的

IndonesiaThe印度榕树的纹章是部分印度尼西亚的纹章.它被对使用符号有印度尼西亚-的整体-有很多分布广的根
的一个国家的意义.皇家海军和皇家澳大利亚人海军工作人员使用术语"印度榕树"对于一BBQ在一些空荡荡海滩上
上岸意味着一魔法."印度榕树帆装"表示为这些事件所穿的偶然(和常常传统地粗俗)衣服.一在亚马孙河身上发现
印度榕树品种的地下根被把分成弄干正常和熏10厘米长度减轻疼痛.这练习源于亚马孙河.事实上没有可见方面
effects.[[需要]引用
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