Scientists Alan MGoldberg and Thomas Hartung describe recent advances in replacing the us

Scientists Alan M．Goldberg and Thomas Hartung describe recent advances in replacing the use of animals in toxicology(毒物学)testing．Improvements in cell and tissue culture technologies，for example，allow a growing number of tests to be performed on human cells alone．Computer models are becoming increasingly complex and many could one day become more accurate than trials in living animals．
Since the late 1990s，Huntingdon Life Sciences--a company that conducts testing of substances on animals conducted by the Environmental Protection Agency and the Food and Drug Administration—has become a proving ground for aggressive strategies by animal-rights militants （好战分子）．At a hearing，a Senate．committee listened to testimony（证词） against Huntingdon employees and financial institutions providing services to the company．One experimentation witness at the hearing insisted that any means necessary were justified（辩护） to spare animals’ lives；he has previously accepted the idea of murder to that end．
Use of animals in testing and in biomedical research continues to be necessary in many instances and is ethically（伦理道德地）preferable to experimenting on humans or giving up cures that could save human lives．But for the sake of people and animals alike，the development and acceptance of animal substitutes deserve enthusiastic support．
In some instances, substitutes are already thought as good or better than animals，but supervising agencies（监督机构）have yet to catch up．In both the European Union and the U．S．，scientists and companies wanting to use the new alternative tests complain that regulatory standards for proving a drug or chemical to be safe for humans force the continued use of animals．Thus，animal-loving Americans might turn to persuading the EPA and the FDA to speed validation（确认）of new methods so that they can be more widely employed．And animal advocates（保护者） who want to influence business could consider investing in the small biotech’s and large pharmaceutical（药品的） companies that are working to develop alternatives to animals in research．
【小题1】 plays a leading role in replacing the use of animals in testing．A．Huntingdon Life SciencesB．Improvement in technologiesC．Animal-fights militantsD．Scientists Alan and Thomas【小题2】Accordingly, the animal-rights militants hold the view that ．A．animals shouldn’t be used in toxicology testingB．animals should enjoy equal rights with human beingsC．animals should live wildly and freelyD．we should protect animals from being killed casually【小题3】From the passage，we can find ．A．the use of animals in testing has been stopped abruptlyB．animal substitutes are not preferableC．supervising standards contribute to the continued use of animals in testingD．only Huntingdon Life Sciences is accused【小题4】What’s the main idea of the passage?A．Saving animals and people．B．The new trend in toxicology testingC．The use of animals in testing is against human natureD．New technology changes the fate of animals【小题5】The writer’s attitude towards replacing the use of animals in toxicology is ．A．arbitrary（武断的，随意的）B．pessimistic C．indifferent（不关心的 ）D．optimisticB

(答案→)B 解析：数百年来，人类已在使用动物进行病毒学研究。近年，随着动物保护组织的反对和电脑模拟实验的成功，这人们在讨论这种以活体动物为实验对象的手段还能继续下去吗？ 【小题1】细节题;从第一段的句子：Improvements in cell and tissue culture technologies，for example，allow a growing number of tests to be performed on human cells alone．毫无疑问，用动物进行病毒学研究，对人类健康保障起了重要作用。要在实验中不用或少用动物，有赖于现代技术的改进和发展。选B【小题2】细节题：从第二段的句子：Since the late 1990s，Huntingdon Life Sciences--a company that conducts testing of substances on animals conducted by the Environmental Protection Agency and the Food and Drug Administration—has become a proving ground for aggressive strategies by animal-rights militants 可知好战的动物保护分子的极端意见，认为人类要停止以动物为研究对象的所有实验。选A【小题3】细节题：根据最后一段的句子：In some instances, substitutes are already thought as good or better than animals，but supervising agencies（监督机构）have yet to catch up．可知动物实验在现有条件下还要存在，但必须有一个监督标准（supervising standard），以便对动物保护要求有个交代。选C【小题4】主旨题：文中提到毒物学研究有新发展，可以用电脑模拟实验过程，但这些都还不完善，只是一种科学技术的发展倾向。选B【小题5】作者态度题：在语境中考查形容词的用法。arbitrary意为“任意的”，pessimistic意为“悲观的”， indifferent意为“不以为然的”， optimistic意为“乐观的”，按作者的意见，在新技术的条件下，完全有可能用其它手段代替活体动物实验，是乐观的态度，故选D。

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