Culture helps human societies survive in changing natural environmentFor example, the end

Culture helps human societies survive in changing natural environment．For example, the end of the last Ice Age, beginning about 15,000 years ago, brought a big challenge to which humans had to adapt．Before this time, large parts of the northern hemisphere were covered in great sheets of ice that contained much of the earth' s water．In North America, large animals that wandered the vast tundra （冰原） provided people with food and materials for clothing and simple shelters．When the earth became warm, large Ice Age animals disappeared, and many land areas were covered by rising sea levels from melting ice．But people survived, they developed new technologies and learned how to survive on new plant and animal species． Finally some people settled into permanent villages, durable houses and farms．
Cultural adaptation has made humans one of the most successful species on the planet． Through history, major developments in technology, medicine, and nutrition have allowed people to reproduce and survive in ever-increasing numbers．The global population has risen from 8 million during the Ice Age to about 6 billion today．
However, the successes of culture adaptation can also create problems in the long run．Over the last 200 years, people have begun to use large quantities of natural resources and energy and to produce a great amount of material and chemical wastes．The global population now consumes some important natural resources—such as petroleum, wood, and minerals—faster than nature can produce them．Many scientists believe that in the process of burning fuels and producing wastes, people may be changing the global climate in unpredictable and possibly harmful ways．Thus, the adaptive success of the present-day global culture of production and trade may be temporary．
【小题1】What is the first paragraph mainly talking about?A．How the human beings survived in the Ice Age．B．What the situation was like during the Ice Age．C．What caused the Ice Age to come to an end．D．Why the Ice Age was very important．【小题2】To deal with the problems, human beings should according to the passage．A．stop developing any longerB．reduce the overuse of natural resourcesC．stop the global warming and using natural resourcesD．save more animals in case they all die out【小题3】Which of the following is the problem caused by cultural adaptation according to the passage?A．A very developed culture came into being．B．New technologies have been developed．C．Natural resources have been used up．D．Human activities have done damage to the balance of nature．【小题4】Which of the following can be the best tide of the passage?A．Natural Environment Should Be Protected．B．The Success of Cultural Adaptation Is Not Permanent．C．The Global Population Is Increasing Since Ice Age．D．Human Beings Are Capable of Surviving on Earth.A

(答案→)A 解析：本文为议论文。文章论述了人类在适应自然环境得到了飞速发展的同时，也带来了系列问题：人类的过度发展破环了自然，以至给人类自己带来了灾难。【小题1】主旨大意题。从第一段的句子：But people survived, they developed new technologies and learned how to survive on new plant and animal species． Finally some people settled into permanent villages, durable houses and farms．虽然冰川融化，人类食物链遭到破坏，但由于人类具有认识和使用新技术的能力而得以存活，并发展状大。选A【小题2】细节理解题。从第三段的句子：However, the successes of culture adaptation can also create problems in the long run．人类过量使用自然资源已经导致了环境的恶化，理智的办法就是减少使用自然资源。选B【小题3】细节理解题。从第三段的句子：Many scientists believe that in the process of burning fuels and producing wastes, people may be changing the global climate in unpredictable and possibly harmful ways．可知人类过度使用自然资源破坏了自然的平衡。选D【小题4】主旨题：从最后一段的句子：Thus, the adaptive success of the present-day global culture of production and trade may be temporary．可知temporary= Not Permanent选B。

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