白术种植技术及亩收益

白术种植技术及亩收益

白术种植技术需要注意如下：
选择适宜环境与适生土壤；
a、白术性喜凉爽，耐寒，怕高温多湿，以海拔千米左右的高山种植更为适宜。
b、白术对土壤要求不严，以深厚、疏松、肥沃的黄棕壤和沙壤土较适宜，在黏性过大、      透气不良、容易渍水的死黄泥地和坡度过大、肥力低下、砂石过多的瘠薄地种植生长     不良，产量较低。种植白术后的耕地，至少要间隔5年以上才能种植。
坚持高山育种，培育健壮术栽；
a、高山气温偏低，温差较大，种植的白术病虫害少，用高山培育的术栽做种，不仅苗齐苗         壮，而且抗病性强，产量明显较高，因此最好在高山育种。
b、如果在高山种植，最好自己育苗以保证术栽质量，降低生产成本。如果在低山种植，最           好在高山建设稳定的术栽繁育基地，否则就从高山（或北方）调种。
c、白术出苗后需间苗定苗、中耕除草、看苗追肥。前期追肥要勤，通过少量多次追肥，使        术苗生长壮而不旺。
3.认真挑选术栽，搞好播前处理；
a、霜降至立冬术苗茎叶枯黄后挖取术栽，剪掉头部茎杆和尾部细根，先将畸形、破损、带         病术剔除；
b、将挑选好的术栽摊开，用通用型NEB每袋兑水30千克，使用喷雾器喷于其上。喷雾过程         中要翻动术栽，使其表面湿润均匀。也可将通用型NEB每袋兑水100千克，对术栽提前           实施浸种处理，待表面水分沥干后播种。
c、需要注意的是，NEB可以和肥料混用，但不能和多菌灵、托布津等杀菌剂混用。
4.精细整地，施足底肥；
a、高效必须要高产，高产必须有足够的肥料投入做保证，因此要想白术高产高效，必须施         足底肥。一般在播种前一个月深翻炕垡、疏松熟化土壤。播种时亩施土杂肥或火粪土             2000～3000千克，过磷酸钙50千克，生物钾肥1～2千克。
b、肥料撒于地表后，结合整地用旋耕机将其翻入土中，使肥料与土壤混合均匀，同时将土垡      打碎、地表整平，然后按1.5～1.8米宽开沟起厢，厢沟宽30厘米，深20厘米以上。具体厢     宽与沟深以便于田间管理、雨季不渍水为准。
5.适时早播，合理密植；
a、具体播种时间要根据海拔、气候和土壤条件确定。一般情况下以早播为好，因为早播的         先发根，后发芽，与迟播的相比根系更加发达，吸收能力更强，因而植株生长发育健壮，       耐旱抗逆性强，产量明显较高。
6.实施化学除草，保证除草效果。
a、一般在白术播种后至出苗前，亩用中药材苗前专用除草剂100毫升，兑水30千克均匀喷于      地表，对土壤实施封闭处理，可有效防除多种一年生禾本科杂草和部分阔叶杂草。
b、为保证杀草效果，喷施除草剂时必须保证土壤墒情适宜，喷雾均匀周到。
c、若土壤欠墒需增加兑水量，或等雨后墒情适宜时再喷，喷后要避免人畜进地践踏，保持药      膜完整。
7.抓好播后管理，严防病虫危害。
a、白术播后管理比较简单，一是中耕除草。尤其是苗期要勤中耕，保证土不板结，地无杂          草。
b、但中耕时要注意前深后浅，防止伤根。
c、另外，中耕需在晴天露水干后进行，否则容易诱发铁叶病。植株封行后不宜中耕，少量株      间杂草须手工拔除。二是看苗追肥。三是抗旱排渍。四是严防病虫。

Love's hyacinth o knows the partner
From know partner certification team 2018-03-30
The technique of Atractylodes planting should be paid attention to as follows:
Selection of suitable environment and suitable soil;
A.|, the Atractylodes macrocephala and Atractylodes macrocephala are cool, cold resistant, and high humidity.
B.| is not strict with the soil. Cultivated land after planting Atractylodes macrocephala should be planted at least 5 years or more.
Adhere to the high mountain breeding, cultivate strong operation;
A.|, the high mountain temperature is low, the temperature difference is big, the cultivated Alba diseases and insect pests are few, the planting with high mountain cultivation is the seed, not only the seedling is very strong, but also the disease resistance is strong and the yield is obviously high. Therefore, it is best to breed in the high mountain.
B.|, if you plant in the mountains, you'd better grow seedlings yourself to ensure the quality of planting and reduce the cost of production. If planted in low mountains, it is best to build stable breeding bases in the mountains, otherwise they will be planted from high mountains (or North).
C.|, after the emergence of Atractylodes macrocephala and Rhizoma Atractylodis macrocephala, seedlings need to be set up. In the early stage, the top dressing should be diligent, and the seedlings could grow strong and not vigorous through a small amount of topdressing.
3. carefully select the operation and do a good job before sowing.
A.|, frost and frost descend to the stem and leaf of the erect winter plantlet, cut off the stem and leaf after yellow, cut off the stem and fine root of the tail.
B.|,, choose the good planting and spread it, use the general NEB for 30 kilograms of water in each bag, spray it on the sprayer. During the spray process, it is necessary to turn over and transplant, so as to make the surface moist and uniform. The general NEB can be added to 100 kg of water per bag. Seed soaking treatment is applied in advance, and seeds are sown after the surface water is drained.
C.|, I should note that NEB can be mixed with fertilizer, but it can not be mixed with carbendazim.
4. fine ground, sufficient base fertilizer;
A.|, high efficiency and high yield must be ensured by sufficient fertilizer input. Therefore, if the Atractylodes macrocephala is high yield and high efficiency, sufficient base fertilizer must be applied. A month before planting, deep turn over Kang. At the time of planting, the soil is 2000~3000 kg, or 50 kg of SSP, and 1~2 kg of bio potash fertilizer.
B.|, fertilizer is sprinkled on the surface of the earth, combined with a rotary tiller into the soil, mixing the fertilizer with the soil, and breaking the soil. At the same time, the soil is broken. The concrete width and groove depth are suitable for field management.
5. early sowing and reasonable close planting.
A.|, the specific planting time should be determined according to altitude, climate, and soil conditions. In general, early sowing is good, because early sowing is the first root, after germination, compared with late sowing, the root system is more developed and more absorptive, so the plant growth and development are strong, drought resistance and resistance are strong, and the yield is obviously higher.
6. chemical weeding to ensure the effect of weeding.
A.|, usually before the sowing of Atractylodes macrocephala to seedling emergence, 100 milliliters of a special herbicide used for Chinese herbal medicine and 30 kg of water were evenly sprayed on the surface of the Chinese herbal medicine, and the closed treatment of the soil could effectively prevent a variety of annual gramineous weeds and some broad leaved weeds.
B.|, in order to ensure weed killing effect, spraying the herbicide must ensure that the soil moisture is suitable and the spray is uniform and thoughtful.
C.|, if the soil is insufficient to moisture, it is necessary to increase the volume of water, or to spray again when the soil moisture is suitable after rain.
7. after sowing the management, prevent the disease and insect harm.
After a.|, the management of Atractylodes macrocephala and Atractylodes macrocephala is relatively simple. In particular, seedling cultivation should be carried out to ensure that the soil is not hardened and weeds are free.
B.|, but when you are cultivating, you should pay attention to deep, shallow and shallow roots to prevent root injury.
C.|, in addition, the cultivation needs to be carried out on dry days after dew drying, otherwise it is easy to induce iron leaf disease. After the plants were closed, they should not be cultivated. The two is to see the manuring of the seedlings. The three is the drought resistant and draining stains. Four is to prevent diseases and insects.
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1.选择适宜环境与适生土壤。白术性喜凉爽，耐寒，怕高温多湿，以海拔千米左右的高山种植更为适宜。中低山虽可种植，但病害明显增多。白术对土壤要求不严，以深厚、疏松、肥沃的黄棕壤和沙壤土较适宜，在黏性过大、透气不良、容易渍水的死黄泥地和坡度过大、肥力低下、砂石过多的瘠薄地种植生长不良，产量较低。另外，白术不耐重茬，最好在新开的生荒地种植，或者选择玉米、小麦等禾本科作物为前茬，薯类、豆类、花生、烟叶、油菜、蔬菜等作物均不适合做白术地前茬。种植白术后的耕地，至少要间隔5年以上才能种植。


2.坚持高山育种，培育健壮术栽。种植白术要获得优质高产，最好引进新培育的叶绿壮、抗病、块茎大、根须少、产量高的改良白术做种。在秦巴山区，白术从种植到收获一般需要两年，即头年春季在苗圃地用种子播种培育术栽，秋冬季将术栽挖起随后种植于大田，次年秋季才能开挖收获成品。高山气温偏低，温差较大，种植的白术病虫害少，用高山培育的术栽做种，不仅苗齐苗壮，而且抗病性强，产量明显较高，因此最好在高山育种。如果在高山种植，最好自己育苗以保证术栽质量，降低生产成本。如果在低山种植，最好在高山建设稳定的术栽繁育基地，否则就从高山（或北方）调种。培育术栽的苗圃地选定后，年前深翻炕垡，春季3月下旬至4月上旬土壤解冻后施肥、整地、播种，最好开沟条播，亩用种量4～5千克，播深3厘米左右，播后地表覆盖一层蒿草或厩肥保温保湿，同时防止土壤板结。白术出苗后需间苗定苗、中耕除草、看苗追肥。前期追肥要勤，通过少量多次追肥，使术苗生长壮而不旺。后期追肥要重，通过增加施肥促进地下根茎膨大，提高术栽产量与质量。


3.认真挑选术栽，搞好播前处理。霜降至立冬术苗茎叶枯黄后挖取术栽，剪掉头部茎杆和尾部细根，先将畸形、破损、带病术剔除，按大、中、小分级，选择表皮细嫩、芽饱满，上部细长、尾部圆大、密生柔软细根，主根细短或无主根的术栽做种，一般每亩可产健壮术栽500千克。术栽播种前用NEB（恩益碧）处理，既可起到防病作用，又可促进根系发育，增强植株抗逆能力，提高白术品质与产量。其方法是将挑选好的术栽摊开，用通用型NEB每袋兑水30千克，使用喷雾器喷于其上。喷雾过程中要翻动术栽，使其表面湿润均匀。也可将通用型NEB每袋兑水100千克，对术栽提前实施浸种处理，待表面水分沥干后播种。如果购买不到NEB，可将术栽用50%的多菌灵或托布津600～800倍液浸种10分钟，捞出沥干后播种，以减少病害发生。需要注意的是，NEB可以和肥料混用，但不能和多菌灵、托布津等杀菌剂混用。

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