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数控机床全自动夹紧系统的设计

摘习石.3丈
随着数控技术在飞机零件加工中的飞速发展和日益普及，数控机床及其
工装的设计和制造在确保飞机零件的生产质量和提高生产率、缩短新产品研
制周期等方面越来越重要，数字化技术在飞机零件加工与工装设计中的应用
研究日益增多。传统的工装手工设计方法已基本被取消，工装的设计与制造
正向自动化、通用化、标准化、数字化方向快速发展。
本文从集机、电、液一体化的角度出发，研究设计了数控机床全自动夹
紧系统，对数控机床与液压控制接口进行了研究与程序开发，利用数控加工
程序直接控制工艺装备中的夹紧装置实现装置的自动躲刀功能。
针对某个具体飞机零件的加工设计出全自动夹紧系统具体的机械部分结
构、液压传动控制回路、电气控制部分，给出了相关部分的设计图;研究设
计了通过数控机床加工程序控制夹具动作的接口并调试了相关程序，进行了
相应的加工试验，取得了满意的效果。
关键词:全自动夹紧;液压控制接口;自动躲刀
工程大学硕士学位论文
ABSTRACT
FollowingthedeveloPmentandPoPularofnumericaleontrolteclmology
usinginairplanePartsmachining， thenumeriealcontrolmaehinetoolandits
froeksdesigningandmanufaeturingareimPortantelementstoinsurethequality
oftheairplanePartsandProduetivitiesandshortenthenewProductsstudying
Period.ThenumeriealeonirolteehniquesarewidelyusedinairplaneParts
fabrieatinganditsfroeksdesigning.Traditionalfrocksweremostlyhandworlcs，by
no做 suehmethodsalmost贯 eeaneelled.Froeksdesigningandmanufaeturing
develoPalongautomatieally， generall又standardization， andnumericdireetions.
ThisPaPer15basedonintegratedmaehineandeleetrieityandhydraulic，
numeriealeontrolmachinetoolantomatieelamPsystemwasstudiedanddesigned.
Theinterfaee， whichlocatedbetweennumericalcontrolmaehinetooland
hydraulicconirolsystem， wasstudiedandgaveoutitsProgram.Thenumerieal
eontrolmachiningProgramwasusedtoeontroltheelamPsequiPmentsdireetly，to
imPlementequiPmentsavoidingtoolsfunetion.
AimedathowtomaehiningonesPeeialairplanePart， asuitofautomatic
elamPsystemwasdesigned， ineludingitsmechanismsubsystem，hydraulie
drivingandconirollooP， eleetrieeo爪 rolsubsystem.ThedesignbluePrintswere
alsogaveout.TheinterfaeeProgramsweredesignedanddebuggedsuccessfully.
Themachiningtestwasdone， andthetestresultsweresatisfaetory.
Keywords:AutomatieelamPs:Hydrauliecontrolinierfaee;Automatieavoiding
t001
J
工程大学硕士学位论文
目录
第1章绪论····················································································，················……1
1.1课题研究的背景及意义···································································，··……1
1.1.1研究背景及课题来源·································································……1
1.1.2数控加工工艺装备的研究意义·················································……2
1.2国内外飞机工艺装备目前的发展情况··············································……3
1.2.1工艺装备的标准化·····································································……3
1.2.2通用工艺装备的开发与使用·····················································……5
1.2.3自动化工艺装备的应用·····························································……6
1.2.4数字化技术在工艺装备设计中的应用····································……8
1.2.5我国目前飞机生产制造中工艺装备的现状·····························……8
1.3一沦文工作内容····················································································……10
第2章数控机床全自动夹具的设计···························································……12
2.1全自动夹具设计方案的确定····························································……12
2.1.1设计目标分析···········································································……12
2.1.2一般机床夹具的分析·······························································……13
2.1.3专用夹具设计的一般步骤如下······························，················……巧
2.1.4数控机床全自动化夹具的设计方案·······································……15
2.2全自动夹紧系统的机械部分设计····················································……巧
2.2.1通用平台及定位垫板·······························································……16
2.2.2夹紧方案及油缸平台联接组件·······································~······……17
2.2.3夹具的总体结构形式·······························································……18
2.3液压传动与控制部分的设计····························································……20
2.3.1全自动夹紧系统的液压传动部分功能与组成·······················……20
2.3.2旋转油缸··········································································，········……20
l二程大学硕十学位论文
2.3.3液压系统工作过程····························································，······……21
2.3.4液压控制部分原理设计···························································……22
2.4电气控制部分···················································································……24
2.4.1电气控制部分的组成·······························································……24
2.4.2控制过程·················································································……25旦
2.5本章小结····························································································……26
第3章数控机床与液压控制单元的PLC接口设计···································……27
3.1西门子84OD数控系统的功能·······················································……27
3.2西门子84OD系统的组成································································一28
3.3PLC的功能·························································································……36
3.4控制接口设计方案············································································……36
3.5本章小结····························································································……38
第4章夹具动作与数控加工程序的联调及加工试验·······························……40
4.1夹具动作与数控加工程序的联调····················································……40
4.2第一次试验加工················································································……43
4.2.1试切过程·······················，···························································……43
4.2.2数控加工程序的调试更改·························，·····························……44
4.2.3第1次程序调试后零件切削参数···········································……46
吸.3第二次试切调试工作·······················4···············································……46
4.3.1试切目标···················································································……46
4.3.3试切调试工作···········································································……47
4.3.4最终试切件状态··············································，························……48
4.4全自动夹紧系统与传统夹具使用效果对比分析····························……49
4.5本章小结····························································································……49
结论·················································································································……51
参考文献·········································································································……52
攻读硕士学位期间发表的论文和取得的科研成果·····································……56
工程大学硕士学位论文
致谢···················································································!············、···、·、···、··、··……57
个人简历··························4······················4··························，····························……5S

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