The skin is an essential part of your boby and its largest organ. You have three layers of shin which act as a barrier against disease,poisons and the sun 's harmful rays.The functions of your skin are also very complex:it keeps you warm or cool ; it prevents your boby from losing too much water ; it is where you feel cold , heart or pain and it gives you your sense of touch . So as you can imagine , if your skin gets burned it can be very serious. First aid is a very important fist step in the treatment of burns.
Causes of burns
You can get burned by a varliety of things; hot liquids , steam . fire , radiation (by being close to high heat or fire , etc) , the sun , electricity or chemicals.
Types of burns
There are three types of burns . Burns are calld\ed first , second or third degree burns , depending on which layers of the skin are burned .
*FIRST DEGREE BURNS These affect only the top layar of the shin .These burns are are not serious and should feel better within a day or two . Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan , stove or iron for a moment.
*SECOND DEGREE BURNS These affect both the top and the scond layer of the skin . These burns are serious and take a few weeks to heal . Examples include severe sunburn and burns caused by hot liquids.
*THIRD DEGREE BURNS These affect all three layers of the skin and tissue and organs under the skin . Examples include burns caused by electrec shocks,burning clothes , or severe petrol fires . These burns cause very severe injuries and the victim must go to hospital at once.
Characteristics of burns
FIRST DEGREE BURNS
*dry,red and mildly swollen
*mildly painful
*turn white when pressed
SECOND DEGREE BURNS
*rough, red and swollen
*blisters
*watery surface
*extremely painful
THIRD DEGREE BURNS
*black and white and charred
*swollen ; often tissue under them can be seen
*little or no pain if nerves are damaged ; may be pain around edge of injured area.
First aid treatment
( 1 ) Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn . Take off other clothing and jewellery near the burn.
(2) Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water. It is best to place burns under gently running water for about 10 minutes . (The cool water stops the burning process , prevents the pain becon\ming unbearable and reduces swelling . )Do not put cold water on third degree burns.
(3) For first degree burns , place cool , clean , wet cloths on them until the pain is not so bad . For second degree burns , keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water , squeezing them out and placing them on burned area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad .
(4) Dry the burned area gently . Do not rub , as this may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.
(5) Cover the burned area with a dry , clean bandage that will not stick to the skin . Hold the bandage in place with tape . Never put butter , oil or ointment on burns as they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection .
(6) If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart , if possible. If burns are on the face , the victim should sit up .
(7) If the injuries are second or third degree burns , it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.