介绍发明家的英语文章

不要是那些说了傻子都知道的名人！！！！爱迪生，贝尔之类的就别发上来了！！！！我才初二别太难的！！3分钟左右不能太短也别太长！外教听了也烦！！最好给上翻译！好的追加分！

贝尔



alexander graham bell was born in scotland. his mother, who was deaf, was a musician and a painter of portraits. his father, who taught deaf people how to speak, invented "visible speech". this was a code which showed how the tongue, lips, and throat were positioned to make speech sounds. graham, or "aleck", as his family called him, was interested in working with the deaf throughout his life. 



thomas watson became an associate of bell. he made parts and built models of bell's inventions. one day while they were working bell accidently heard the sound of a plucked reed * coming over the telegraph wire. watson had been tuning the metal reeds in the next room. bell drew up a plan for the telephone and they continued to experiment. the next day he transmitted the famous words, "mr. watson, come here. i want you!" a few months later on feb. 14, 1876, he applied for a patent on his telephone.



he continued to invent other things. he developed a method of making phonograph * records on a wax disc. he made an iron breathing lung, and a device for locating icebergs at sea. he experimented with sheep. he was interested in kites that could lift a man, and he invented a hydrofoil * which set a world speed record of over 70 miles per hour.

这个介绍居里夫人的,希望能帮到你... Madam Curie is a French professor of physics. She was born in Poland in 1867. In 1891 she went to study in Paris University because at that time women were not admitted to universities in Poland. When she was studying in Paris, she lived a poor life, but she worked very hard. In 1895 she married Pierre Curie, and then they worked together on the research into radioactive matter. They discovered two kinds of radioactive matter----polonium and radium. In 1904 she and her husband were given the Nobel Prize for physics. In 1906 Pierre died, but Marie went on working. She received a second Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1911. So she became the first scientist in the world to win two Nobel Prizes

冰箱的由来( The origin of refrigerator) By the mid-nineteenth century, the term"icebox"had entered the American language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War (1861-1865), as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880, half the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston and Chicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new household convenience, the icebox, a precursor of the modern refrigerator, had been invented. Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary. The commonsense notion that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling. Nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included wrapping the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve the delicate balance of insulation and circulation needed for an efficient icebox. But as early as 1803, an ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been on the right track. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks. One advantage of his icebox, more explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool. 直到19世纪中期，"冰箱"这个名词才进入了美国语言，但冰仅仅只是开始影响美国普通市民的饮食。 冰的买卖随着城市的发展而发展。 冰被用在旅馆、酒馆、医院以及被一些有眼光的城市商人用于肉、鱼和黄油的保鲜。 内战(1861-1865)之后，冰被用于冷藏货车，同时也进入了民用。 甚至在1880年前，半数在纽约、费城和巴尔的摩销售的冰，三分之一在波士顿和芝加哥销售的冰进入家庭使用，因为一种新的家庭设备，冰箱，即现代冰箱的前身，被发明了。 制造一台有效率的冰箱不像我们想象的那么简单。 19世纪早期，关于对冷藏科学至关重要的热物理知识是很浅陋的。 认为最好的冰箱应该防止冰的融化这样一个普遍的观点显然是错误的，因为正是冰的融化起了制冷作用。 早期为节省冰的努力，包括用毯子把冰包起来，使得冰不能发挥它的作用。 直到近19世纪末，发明家们才成功地找到有效率的冰箱所需要的精确的隔热和循环的精确平衡。 但早在1803年，一位有发明天才的马里兰农场主，托马斯·莫尔，找到了正确方法。 他拥有一个农场，离华盛顿约20英里，那里的乔治镇村庄是集市中心。 当他用自己设计的冰箱运送黄油去市场时，他发现顾客们会走过装在竞争者桶里那些迅速融化的黄油而给他比市价更高的价格买他仍然新鲜坚硬，整齐地切成一磅一块的黄油。 莫尔说他的冰箱的一个好处是使得农民们不必在夜里上路去市场以保持他们产品的低温。

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