计算机里本体是什么,本体的计算机概念

计算机里本体是什么,本体的计算机概念

在人工智能界，最早给出Ontology定义的是Neches等人，他们将Ontology定义为“给出构成相关领域词汇的基本术语和关系，以及利用这些术语和关系构成的规定这些词汇外延的规则的定义”。Neches认为：“本体定义了组成主题领域的词汇表的基本术语及其关系，以及结合这些术语和关系来定义词汇表外延的规则。”（“An ontology defines the basic terms and relations comprising the vocabulary of a topic area, as well as the rules for combining terms and relations to define extensions to the vocabulary.”）。后来在信息系统、知识系统等领域，越来越多的人研究Ontology，并给出了许多不同的定义。其中最著名并被引用得最为广泛的定义是由Gruber提出的，“本体是概念化的明确的规范说明”，原文参见：An ontology is an explicit specification of a conceptualization. The term is borrowed from philosophy, where an Ontology is a systematic account of Existence. For AI systems, what exists is that which can be represented. When the knowledge of a domain is represented in a declarative formalism, the set of objects that can be represented is called the universe of discourse. This set of objects, and the describable relationships among them, are reflected in the representational vocabulary with which a knowledge-based program represents knowledge. Thus, in the context of AI, we can describe the ontology of a program by defining a set of representational terms. In such an ontology, definitions associate the names of entities in the universe of discourse (e.g., classes, relations, functions, or other objects) with human-readable text describing what the names mean, and formal axioms that constrain the interpretation and well-formed use of these terms. Formally, an ontology is the statement of a logical theory.。和这个定义类似的有N. Guarino and P. ......余下全文>>

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