【生物专业英语】摘要翻译

Abstract: Heavy metals, such as cadmium, copper, lead, chromium and mercury, are important environmental pollutants, particularly in areas with high anthropogenic pressure. Their presence in the atmosphere, soil and water, even in traces can cause serious problems to all organisms, and heavy metal bioaccumulation in the food chain especially can be highly dangerous to human health. Heavy metals enter the human body mainly through two routes namely: inhalation and ingestion, ingestion being the main route of exposure to these elements in human population. Heavy metals intake by human populations through food chain has been reported in many countries. Soil threshold for heavy metal toxicity is an important factor affecting soil environmental capacity of heavy metal and determines heavy metal cumulative loading limits. For soil-plant system, heavy metal toxicity threshold is the highest permissible content in the soil (total or bioavailable concentration) that does not pose any phytotoxic effects or heavy metals in the edible parts of the crops does not exceed food hygiene standards. Factors affecting the thresholds of dietary toxicity of heavy metal in soil-crop system include: soil type which includes soil pH, organic matter content, clay mineral and other soil chemical and biochemical properties; and crop species or cultivars regulated by genetic basis for heavy metal transport and accumulation in plants. In addition, the interactions of soil-plant root-microbes play important roles in regulating heavy metal movement from soil to the edible parts of crops. Agronomic practices such as fertilizer and water managements as well as crop rotation system can affect bioavailability and crop accumulation of heavy metals, thus influencing the thresholds for assessing dietary toxicity of heavy metals in the food chain. This paper reviews the phytotoxic effects and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in vegetables and food crops and assesses soil heavy metal thresholds for potential dietary toxicity.

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重金属，如镉，铜，铅，铬，汞，是重要的环境污染物，特别是在高人为压力的地区。他们的存在在大气，土壤和水的痕迹，甚至可以导致严重的问题，所有的生物，并在食物链中重金属富集，特别是高度危险，可对人体的健康。重金属进入人体主要通过两条航线分别是：吸入和食入，食入被暴露的主要途径，在人口这些元素。重金属通过食物链摄入人群据报道，在许多国家。土壤重金属毒性阈值是一个重要的因素影响土壤重金属环境容量和确定重金属累积的负载限制。对于土壤植物系统，重金属毒性的门槛是最高的土壤（或生物可利用的总浓度）不构成任何影响或药害，不同作物可食部分重金属含量不超过食品卫生标准允许的内容。影响因素饮食毒性重金属在土壤作物系统包括阈值：土壤类型，其中包括土壤pH值，有机质含量，粘土矿物和其他土壤化学和生物化学特性和作物品种的遗传基础上调或重金属品种植物的运输和积累。此外，土壤，植物根系微生物的相互作用，在调节土壤重金属运动对作物可食部分的重要角色。如化肥和水分管理以及作物轮作体系农艺措施可能会影响生物利用度及作物重金属的积累，从而影响评估在食物链的重金属膳食毒性阈值。本文综述了植物毒性效应的蔬菜和粮食作物和重金属累积和评估潜在的饮食土壤重金属毒性阈值。

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