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【高中英语名词性从句】高中英语名词性从句和定语从句的语法总结(详细一点)...

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解决时间 2021-02-12 08:24
  • 提问者网友:骨子里的高雅
  • 2021-02-11 09:30
【高中英语名词性从句】高中英语名词性从句和定语从句的语法总结(详细一点)...
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  • 五星知识达人网友:轻雾山林
  • 2021-02-11 11:06
【答案】 名词性从句是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句,其功同名词一样.
  一.主语从句
   主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾.
  1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
   It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化.而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that.被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom.
  2. 用it 作形式主语的结构
   (1) It is +名词+从句
   (2) it is +形容词+从句
   (3) it is +不及物动词+从句
   (4) it +过去分词+从句
   3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况
   (1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首.
   (2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前.
   (3) It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前.
   (4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前.
   (5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前.
   4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别
   What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that 则不然.
   定语从句也称为关系从句或形容词性从句,由关系代词(who, whom, whose, which, that)或关系副词(as, when, where, why)等引导.关系词除了起引导作用外,还在从句中指代前面的先行词,并在从句中担任一定的成分.
   一、限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句
  定语从句就其与先行词的关系而言,可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句.限定性定语从句和先行词之间没有逗号,表示对先行词起修饰限制作用;而非限定性定语从句和先行词之间有逗号分开,是对先行词进行补充说明,相当于并列句.如:
  He is the man who has strong personality. 他是个个性很强的人.(限定性定语从句)
  My brother, who works abroad, is coming next week. 我哥哥在国外工作,他下周将回来.(非限定性定语从句)
  注:1. 非限定性定语从句不能用that来引导,一般用which,as或who(指人).用which或as引导时,既可以修饰主句的部分内容,也可修饰主句的全部内容.如:
  He spoke confidently, which impressed me most. (which指代整个主句,在从句中作主语)
  2. as引导的非限定性定语从句既可以放在主句之前,也可以放在主句之后,但which或who引导的非限定性定语从句不能放在主句之前.如:
    As we all know, the moon is a satellite of the earth.
    The large area is covered with thick snow, which affects people's life greatly.
   3. 在限定性定语从句中,关系代词作宾语时可以省略;但在非限定性定语从句中,关系代词作宾语时不能省略.如:
  The film (which) I saw last night is about a young teacher. (which可以省去)
  She introduced me to her husband, whom I hadn’t met before. (whom不能省去)
  二、通常只用关系代词that,不用 which,who或whom的几种情况
  1. 当先行词是all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much, none, few等时.如:
  All that you want are here.
  2. 当先行词被all, no, some, any, every, a few, a little, much, only, very等修饰时.如:
  There is no person that doesn’t make mistakes.
  3. 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时.如:
  This is the best film that I have ever seen.
  4. 当出现两个或两个以上的先行词,并同时兼指人和物时.如:
   We are talking about the people and countries that we have visited.
  5. 当主句是以which 或 who 开头的特殊疑问句时.如:
   Who is the person that is standing over there?
  6. 当定语从句为there be 句型时,关系代词只能用that,但经常可以省略.如:
   I know the difference (that) there is between you.
  7. 当关系代词在从句中作表语时,常用that.如:
   He does not seem to be the man that he was. 他似乎和过去不一样了.
  
  三、as 与其他词连用引导的定语从句
  as 引导定语从句时,可指人也可指物,通常与the same,such,so等连用,形式为:the same… as,such… as,as …as,so… as.As在定语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等.如:
  She knew he felt just the same as she did. 她知道他的感觉与她自己的一样.(as代替事,作宾语)
  I lend you such books as will interest you. 我借给你使你感兴趣的书.(as代替物,作主语)
  注:the same… as 和the same… that的用法不同.as引导的定语从句表示其内容与主句所讲的事物“相似”,指同类事物;that引导的定语从句表示其内容与主句所讲的事物是“同一个”,指同一事物.如:
  This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 这和我昨天丢的笔一样.(类似的笔)
  This is the same pen that I lost yesterday. 这支笔就是我昨天丢的那支.(同一支笔)
  
  四、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
  在“介词+which/whom”结构中,介词的选择取决于三种情况:
  1.定语从句中谓语动词或表语的搭配.如:
   This is the college in which I am studying.
   He is the man about whom we are talking.
  2.先行词与介词的习惯搭配.如:
   The speed at which the machine operates is shown on the meter. 仪表上显示出这台机器运转的速度.
  3.当定语从句为最高级时只能用of which; 否则用其他介词.如:
    I have five dictionaries of which Longman Dictionary is the best.
    I have five dictionaries among which Longman Dictionary is published in UK.
   注:不可拆分的动词短语介词不能提前,如put up with;有的短语可能有不同的介词搭配,此时需要根据上下文来确定.如:be familiar with/to,compare with/to等.
  有时为表意清楚,还可以在关系副词where/ when前加介词from, to等.如:
   China is the birthplace of kites, from where kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India. 中国是风筝的故乡,从这里,放风筝的运动传到了日本、韩国、泰国和印度.
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  • 1楼网友:归鹤鸣
  • 2021-02-11 11:39
这个答案应该是对的
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