求师范类英语中文毕业论文

求师范类英语中文毕业论文

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英语师范类毕业论文—黑色与black的区别

By looking at " 黑色与black ", it seems that there is no difference between them. They look like one another's translation in both Chinese and English. If we view these two words culturally, we will find that many cultural differences are between them. I'm trying to give an interesting discussion based on the cultural perspectives of these two words.

In China, "黑色" is the colour of black which symbolises unfortunate and religious things. For example, it is not welcome in all kinds of festivals and happy events in China. As Chinese, we all know that "黑色" means bad luck and death. Hehe ^_^ Yeh, we don't mention and joke about such colour when we are celebrating happy events. Especially, in Spring Festival, such colour is extremely forbidden. On the other hand, "黑色" is often seen at funeral. People are often in black, to the point of respect. Additionally, this colour also indicates evil in Chinese culture. Some Chinese people use this colour to curse others which is never encouraged. All together, "黑色" is mainly associated to bad luck and death in China.

However, black has many different meanings in western culture. Firstly, the black is pertaining to any of the various populations characterized by dark skin pigmentation, specifically the dark-skinned people of Africa, Oceania, and Australia. Not surprisingly, traditional wedding dresses often come with black (for the groom) and white (for the bride) in the West. Furthermore, black can represent danger, evil and death in the West. Interestingly, there are many English idioms connected with black. For example, black out (lose consciousness temporarily), black and white (print), black look (angry look), black humor (harshly ironic), black words (angry words), black Friday (unlucky day), in the black (prosperous), etc.

Last and certainly not least, " 黑色与black " can present many differences which are distinguishable from different cultural perspectives！

How Economic Development From 1950-2000 Affected the Environment The economic development from 1950-2000 affected the environment by the increase in population, industrialization started, and the shortage of nonrenewable energy sources. Pollution, industrialization, and nonrenewable energy sources had important affects on the environment. The most important issue that was worried about was the increase in population. United Nation estimates suggested that the global population would double to more than 10 billion by the middle of the 21st century. The areas where the population would most likely increase are Africa, Asia, and Latin America. When these country becomes too populated, it would put a big strain on their water, land, energy, and other natural resources needed for survival. . The increase in population means that more forest and rain forest will be destroyed to make more room for the people to live. Destroying rain forests are bad because for example, the Amazon rain forest alone produces 40% of the world's oxygen. Another important issue was industrialization There are now a lot of industries around the world but even though there are so many, it is a big burden to the environment. The air, ocean, and the art become polluted by industrial waste product. The thin gaseous layer in the upper atmosphere protects the earth from the dangerous ultraviolet rays of the sun. If the ozone layer is destroyed, 200,000 people in the United States alone may die from diseases related to ultraviolet radiation. The burning of gasoline and coal produces carbon dioxide that, over time, has settled in a layer in the earth's upper atmosphere. This creates a situation know as greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is a situation in which an excess of carbon dioxide in the earth's upper atmosphere lets the sun's rays through but traps heat close to the earth's surface. The scarcity of energy resources is also a big problem. Nonrenewable energy resources might run out. This might occur because of the increase and demand in oil which is the basic necessity we all use. We use oil for multiple proposes. Since industries use oil and coal a lot it will eventually pollute everything and will cause acid rain which pollutes the stream where the fishes live and once there are no fishes, it disrupts the balance of the food chain. Which means that whoever eats the fishes will have nothing to eat and then pretty soon they will be come extinct and this goes on and on. These were some examples of how economic development can led to disasters for the environment. There might be a smudge of a change that this will not happen, but, it is pretty guaranteed that those things would happen. Especially is global warming is already taking place. 1 The Economic Effects of Colonialism Works Cited Not Included Economic conditions play a large role in the way in which different societies interact with each other. The changes in the distribution of resources, in production and in trade which colonialism brought about shape world relations today. The capitalist system An important element of any economic system is surplus. There is a surplus if a society produces more than its basic needs. In some pre-colonial societies the community produced no surplus - people produced enough for their subsistence and then used their time for leisure (Bujra, 1992, p.152). In some kingdom systems, people were obliged to produce more than they needed and give the surplus to the provincial ruler. In some cases, this surplus was used simply to enhance the lifestyle of the ruler or elite. In others, it was used to provide for people to work in an army, a justice system, an exchange system or the arts (Bujra, 1992, p.154). The type of exchange system also varied. In some societies, trade was limited to local areas, in others barter was used, while others had developed a currency and a merchant class, in West Africa for example (Bujra, 1992, p.156). The principal difference between these systems and the European system which evolved during the industrial revolution was that Europeans began to use surpluses to improve production. This is called the capitalist system. The improvement of production was not exclusive to Europe. The Incas of Peru, for example, had organised irrigation systems to improve agriculture (Bujra, 1992, p.156). However, the nineteenth century colonisation of African and Asian regions created a global capitalist system, integrating “...colonial territories into an international system of production and trade” (Regan, 1991, p.38). As Europeans controlled the new system, it was organised to direct surpluses from the third world to improve production in the first world. Without this, the transformation of production processes in Europe would not have been as great (Bujra, 1992, p.167), and the Europe of today would not be as industrially developed. European colonialism can be best understood as “...the globalisation of the capitalist mode of production, it’s penetration of previously non-capitalist regions of the world, and destruction of pre or non-capitalist forms of social organisation.” (Williams and Chrisman, 1993, p.2) The emergence of present systems of economic organisation Under colonialism, third world countries were obliged to produce for European needs as well as for their own in order to obtain currency. This currency was needed to pay the taxes imposed on them by the colonisers and to buy European goods (Bernstein, Johnson and Thomas, 1992, p.192). As Europeans took over land and which had previously not been owned by individuals, and introduced property systems, money was also needed for rent or purchase of land (Bernstein, Johnson and Thomas, 1992, p.198). In this way, European currency began to be used in the economies of the third world, some of which had been formally based on barter. Colonialism was the beginning of the world currency system prevalent today. Colonialism effectively created a global economic system. The global nature of the economic system of today can be seen in it’s “set of commercial, banking and monetary institutions” (Ashworth, 1978, p.194) which today have huge influence over trade and money. Organisations such as the “Bretton Wood institutions” - the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), now the World Trade Organisation, were set up after the end of the colonial era, but the economic power obtained through colonialism enabled first world countries to control them (Coote, 1992, pp.45-47; Hewitt, 1992, p.223). “From a Southern perspective, GATT is an undemocratic and closed institution, dominated by a small number of developed countries that promote the interests of Northern multinational corporations” (Coote, 1992, p.85). During industrialisation, Europe protected its new industries (Potter, 1992, p.208), but third world countries are often unable to do this now under trade rules controlled by the first world. Organisations in which third world countries have significant power, such as the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) have been unable to influence the economic system a great deal (Coote, 1992, p.47), and the UNCTAD “...is now little more than a North-South debating forum” (Coote, 1992, p.85). The world capitalist system created by colonialism continues to be centred on Western needs. In the 1980s, some third world countries were unable to pay interest on their debts because of the bad lending decisions of banks. “There was a real possibility of losses so heavy as to weaken the international banking system” (Ashworth, 1987, p.309) on which first world countries depend. The world bank’s solution was the imposition of economic restructuring programs geared towards first world rather than third world needs (Coote, 1992, pp.34-35). These caused extreme hardship and poverty in the third world. As well as governmental power, the influence of Western based business organisations has it’s origins in the colonial era. Large trans-national companies control many economic resources and often have political power as a result (Coote, 1992, p.64; Giddens, 1993, p.185). “The power of US finance capital and huge multi-nationals to direct the flows of capital, commodities, armaments and media information around the world can have an impact as massive as any colonial regime” (McClintock, 1993, p.296). Many factors affected the depression, I believe that the short-term affect of the Wall Street Crash was the biggest factor that led to the depression, it brought the US economy to its knee and made it very venerable to small after effects.

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