口译与翻译的区别？英文的~~~~

what are the differences between interpretation and translation?

口译

Language interpretation is the practice of facilitating oral
and sign-language communication, either simultaneously or
consecutively, between two or more users of different languages.
Functionally, interpreting and interpretation are both descriptive words for this process.

In professional practice, interpreting denotes the act of
facilitating communication from one language form into its equivalent,
or approximate equivalent, in another language form. Interpretation
denotes the actual product of this work, that is, the message as thus
rendered into speech, sign language, writing, non-manual signals, or
other language form. This important distinction is observed to avoid
confusion.

Functionally, an interpreter is a person who converts a
thought or expression of a source language into an expression with a
comparable meaning in a target language in "real time". The
interpreter's function is to convey every semantic element (tone and
register) and every intention and feeling of the message that the
source-language speaker is directing to the target-language recipients.

翻译

Translation is the interpreting of the meaning of a text and the subsequent production of an equivalent text, likewise called a "translation," that communicates the same message in another language. The text to be translated is called the source text,
and the language that it is to be translated into is called the target
language; the final product is sometimes called the target text.

Translation, when practiced by relatively bilingual individuals but especially when by persons with limited proficiency in one or both languages, involves a risk of spilling-over of idioms and usages
from the source language into the target language. On the other hand,
inter-linguistic spillages have also served the useful purpose of
importing calques and loanwords
from a source language into a target language that had previously
lacked a concept or a convenient expression for the concept.
Translators and interpreters, professional as well as amateur, have
thus played an important role in the evolution of languages and cultures.^[1]

The art of translation is as old as written literature. Parts of the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh, among the oldest known literary works, have been found in translations into several Southwest Asian languages of the second millennium BCE. The Epic of Gilgamesh may have been read, in their own languages, by early authors of the Bible and of the Iliad.^[2]

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