Teaching is more than leadership. Some of the teacher’s time and effort is directed toward

Teaching is more than leadership. Some of the teacher’s time and effort is directed toward instruction, some toward evaluation. But it is the teacher as a group leader who creates an effective organizational structure (结构) and good working environment so that instruction and evaluation activities can take place. A group that is totally disorganized, unclear about its goals, or constantly fighting among its members will not be a good learning group. The leadership pattern includes helping to form and maintain a positive learning environment so that instruction and evaluation activities can take place.
On the first day of class, the teacher faces a room filled with individuals (个体). Perhaps a few closely united groups and friendships already exist. But there is no sense of group unity, no set of rules for conduct in the group, no feeling of belonging. If teachers are successful leaders, they will help students develop a system of relationships that encourages working together.
Standards and rules must be set to keep order, make sure of justice and protect individual rights, but do not contradict school policy. What happens when one student hurts another’s individual rights? Without clear regulations agreeable to the students and teachers, the classroom can become chaotic. Students may break rules they did not know existed. If standards are set without participation from the class, students may spend a great deal of creative energy in destroying the class environment or finding ways to break rules.
No matter how skillful the teacher is in uniting students and creating a positive atmosphere, the task is never complete. Regular maintenance is necessary. Conflicts arise. The needs of individual members change. A new kind of learning task requires a new organizational structure. Sometimes outside pressures such as holidays, upcoming tests or sport competitions, or family troubles cause stress in the classroom. One task for the teacher is to recreate a positive environment by helping students deal with conflict, change, and stress.
【小题1】The underlined word “maintain” in Para.1 probably means .A．conserveB．buildC．recreateD．evaluate【小题2】According to the author, the teacher should .A．free students from outside pressuresB．set the standards and rules on his ownC．be responsible for a well-organized classD．focus more on instruction and evaluation【小题3】From the passage we can learn that .A．rules cannot be changed once they’re formedB．outside pressures may not cause tension among studentsC．if the teacher well unites his students, he then will finish his taskD．if rules are not acceptable both to students and teachers, the classroom can be a mess【小题4】What is the author’s main purpose of writing the passage?A．To provide information for teaching.B．To show the importance of teaching a class.C．To study the teacher’s behavior in the classroom.D．To compare the teacher’s behavior with the students’ in class.A

(答案→)A 解析：教育不仅仅是领导关系。老师应该创造一种有效的组织结构和良好的工作环境，以便于教学和评估能够顺利开展。老师应该参考学校的规章制度制定一些规则来维护教室秩序。【小题1】helping to form and maintain a positive learning environment帮助形成并保持一个积极的学习氛围，A保护，保存；B建立；C重建；D评价，评估，故选A。【小题2】根据第一段“But it is the teacher as a group leader who creates an effective organizational structure (结构) and good working environment so that instruction and evaluation activities can take place.”可知，老师应该创造一种有效的组织结构和良好的工作环境，故选C。【小题3】根据第三段“Without clear regulations agreeable to the students and teachers, the classroom can become chaotic.”可知，没有明确的、适用于老师和学生规则，教室可能会变成一团糟，故选D。【小题4】根据“Teaching is more than leadership. ...Standards and rules must be set to keep order ...One task for the teacher is to recreate a positive environment by helping students deal with conflict, change, and stress.”可知，文章讲的是一些教学的原则，故选A。

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