英语：第二语言的重要性

学第二语言的重要性

Literacy and the second language learner＝文化与第二语言学习 / ed. by Joann Hammadou Sullivan. - Connecticut: Information Age Publishing, 2002
Language as a mirror of cultural

This investigation into cognition and conceptualisation of landscape is based on the lexical inventory of Thimbukushu. Carried out on the basis of semantic methods, the analysis of landscape terminology will make apparent how the Hambukushu conceive their habitat. At the same time, this research provides data to give further evidence regarding the history of the Hambukushu. Each society designs a culture-specific mental arrangement of the natural environment by ignoring or emphasising particular attributes of elements of landscape. Due to the necessity of communicating about everyday needs a society lexicalises those entities that are mostsignificant and most salient. This culture-specific mental arrangement of landscape is considered objective. From an intercultural point of view, however, it is not readily comprehensible. To achieve intercultural comprehensibility it is necessary to be aware of the differences between concepts in languages. In order to find access to the linguistic and cognitive world of the Hambukushu, describing concepts is an important approach. Although this research is based on synchronic data, an interpretation provides as well diachronic results in order to draw conclusions on historical processes. The Hambukushu live in an arid area. They had and still have to adapt to a changing environment both linguistically and culturally. Being a flexible system, language adapts to changes. Thus degradation, modified settlements, modern traffic networks, etc. are reflected in Thimbukushu. From ahistorical point of view it is necessary to investigate which entities of the natural environmentthe Hambukushu encoded and what this reveals about their history. A lexeme referring to an entity that originates from another environment might reveal the place of origin, migration and thus migratory routes. Although oral traditions of the Hambukushu provide hints regarding the place origin verification requires further investigation. The empirical approach is based on the following categories of linguistic material: the survey of terms in regard to landscape, the listing of place names on the basis of cartographic material and the examination of landmark orientation. An analysis of landscape terminology shall reveal mantel and lexical construction of the natural environment. Place naming and landmark orientation is highly culture specific. Types and elements of landscape areemployed for naming and orientation as they function as reference points. Therefore, theanalysis of place names and landmark orientation is useful to make apparent what the Hambukushu consider culturally and/or geographically significant. A meta-language with semantic primitives that are not culturally biased might be establishedby contrasting landscape terminology with the nomenclature of modern physical geography. Thus providing descriptive parameters for other adjacent sciences in order to guarantee the comparability of monographic results.Landscape is a fundamental and omnipresent constituent of daily life. Since people depend on knowledge and use of their natural environment, it has an effect on human behaviour and thought regarding economical, material and cultural matters. Therefore landscape terminology is particularly suitable for research into the nature of cognition and conceptualisation.

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