（一）ScreenTest根据以下材料，回答问题。(1)EveryyearmillionsofwomenarescreenedwithX-raysto

共享题干题 （一）Screen Test根据以下材料，回答问题。(1) Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early cough, the disease can often be treated successfully. According to a survey published last year,21 countries have screening programmes. Nine of them, including Australia, Canada, the US and Spain, screen women under 50.(2) But the medical benefit of screening these younger women are controversial, partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser.(3) Researchers at the Polytechnic University1 of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics. After estimating the women's increasing dose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause.(4) The mathematical model recommended by Britain's National Radiological Protection Board(NRPB) predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women,18 of them fatal. The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led, to a lower figure of 20 cancers.(5) The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is "not very significant"compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated. The Valencia programme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened.(6) But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be exposed to less radiation. The results of their study, they suggest, could help "optimise (完善)the technique" for breast cancer screening.(7) "There is a trade-off (平衡) between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks."admits Michael Clark of the NRP B. But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution. "On the basis of the current data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life. That's why radiation exposure should be minimised in any screening programme."1.[不定向选择题]Paragraph 4 ___________A.Harm Screening May Do to a Younger Woman B.Small Risk of Inducing Cancers from Radiation Models. C.Investigating the Effect of Screening D.Effects Predicted by Two DifferentE.Treatment of CancersF.Factors That Trigger CancersABCDEF确定 2.[不定向选择题]Delaying the age at which screening starts may ___________.A.be costly B.harmful C.save a life D.still open to debateE.reduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancerF.reduced to the minimumABCDEF确定

1.参考答案：D
参考解析：题干：第四段的主要内容是__________。第四段没有明显的主题句，但是该段的第一句谈论的是NRPB使用的数学模型，第二句谈论的是UN Scientific Committee使用的模型，故D(两种不同的模型预测的结果)是正确答案
2.参考答案：E
参考解析：题干：延缓用X射线检查的年龄也许能__________。利用题干关键词delaying the age可以定位到第六段，可知因为辐射而感染癌症的女性，如果不是在45岁而是到50岁时再进行检查，那么其风险可以减低40％到80％，因为这将减少她们所受到的辐射，所以答案为E(减少引起癌症的辐射的风险)3.[不定向选择题]Paragraph 2 ___________A.Harm Screening May Do to a Younger Woman B.Small Risk of Inducing Cancers from Radiation Models. C.Investigating the Effect of Screening D.Effects Predicted by Two DifferentE.Treatment of CancersF.Factors That Trigger CancersABCDEF确定

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