根据材料，回答问题。TechnologyTransferinGermanyWhenitcomestotranslatingbasicresearchi

共享题干题根据材料，回答问题。 Technology Transfer in Germany When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success, few nations can match Germany. Since the 1940s, the nation's vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science. And though German prosperity (繁荣) has faltered (衰退) over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline, it still has an enviable record for turning ideas into profit. Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies. But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition. Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer, and technology parks are springing up all over. These efforts are being complemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up companies. Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success, but it is not without its critics. These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting basic science, eventually starving industry of fresh ideas. If every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur (企业家), the argument goes, then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity-driven, free and widely available will suffer. 'Others claim that many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the smallbusinesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years. While this debate continues, new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany's research networks, which bear famous names such as Helmholtz, Max Planck and Leibniz. Yet it is the fourth network, the Fraunhofer Society, that plays the greatest role in technology transfer. Founded in 1949, the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe's largest organisation for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 12, 000 people. It Continues to grow. Last year, it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in Berlin. Today, there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia.1.[不定向选择题]The word expertise in line 3 could be best replaced by____A.experts B.scientists C.scholars D.special knowledge 2.[不定向选择题]The Fraunhofer Society is the largest organisation for applied technology in____A.Asia B.USA C.Europe D.Africa

1.参考答案：D
参考解析：题干：第三行“expertise”的意思是____。?细节题。Expertise意为“专门知识，专门技术”，所以答案为D。?
2.参考答案：C
参考解析：题干：Fraunhofer组织是____最大的应用技术的组织。?细节题。利用题干Fraunhofer可以定位到最后一段“Founded in l949，theFraunhofer Society is now Europe’s largest organisation for applied technology”．即“Fraunhofer成立于1949年，是目前欧洲最大的应用技术的组织”，所以可知答案为C。?3.[不定向选择题]What factor can be attributed to German prosperity?A.Technology transfe B.Good managemen C.Hard wor D.Fierce competitio

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