英语里的"typhoon(台风)"这个词怎么来的?

英语里的"typhoon(台风)"这个词怎么来的?

The Greek word typhon, both the name of the father of the winds and a common noun meaning “whirlwind, typhoon,” was borrowed into Arabic (as was many a Greek word during the Middle Ages, when Arabic learning both preserved the classical heritage and expanded upon it, passing it on to Europe).??&9{??f??n,} the Arabic version of the Greek word, passed into languages spoken in India,where Arabic-speaking Moslem invaders had settled in the 11th century.Thus the descendant of the Arabic word,passing into English (first recorded in 1588) through an Indian languageand appearing in English in forms such astouffon and tufan, originally referred specifically to a severe storm in India.China, another great empire, gave us yet another word for a storm,in this case the hurricane that occurred in the waters around China.This Chinese word in its Cantonese form,toi fung, was similar to our Arabic borrowing and is first recorded in English guise as tuffoon in 1699. The various forms coalesced and finally became typhoon.

希腊神话其中一位泰坦神的名字为提丰或又译堤福俄斯，象征风暴的妖魔巨人。该词在希腊语中义为「暴风」或「冒烟者」。堤丰也象征恶风。《神谱》说它战败后，从身上生出无数股狂台，专门滋害往来的海船。这个希腊词到波斯变为طوفان（tufân），特指印度洋的风暴，到了英语里便成了typhoon。 台风(typhoon)，指形成于热带或副热带26℃以上广阔海面上的热带气旋。 世界气象组织定义:中心持续风速在12级至13级(即32.7~41.4m/s)的热带气旋为台风(typhoon)或飓风(hurricane)。 日本气象厅定义:中心持续风速118~156km/h(32.8~43.3m/s) 称之为台风。 北太平洋西部(赤道以北，国际日期线以西，东经100度以东)地区通常称其为台风，而北大西洋及东太平洋地区则普遍称之为飓风。每年的夏秋季节，我国毗邻的西北太平洋上会生成不少名为台风的猛烈风暴，有的消散于海上，有的则登上陆地，带来狂风暴雨，是自然灾害的一种。 台风发源于热带海面，那里温度高，大量的海水被蒸发到了空中，形成一个低气压中心。随着气压的变化和地球自身的运动，流入的空气也旋转起来，形成一个逆时针旋转的空气漩涡，这就是热带气旋。只要气温不下降，这个热带气旋就会越来越强大，最后形成了台风。

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