“with复合结构”和“独立主格”有什么区别

“with复合结构”和“独立主格”有什么区别

分词作状语时，如果逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，分词应有自己的逻辑主语，构成分词的独立主格结构。这种独立主格结构一般位于句首，有时也居句尾，可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随状况等。在独立主格结构中，分词的逻辑主语可以是分词动作的执行者，也可以是分词动作的承受者，可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词，还可以是分词的完成式或被动式，
The sun having set, we started for home.
It being Sunday, the stores are all closed.
There being no bridge, we had to swim across the river.
We’ll go on a picnic the weather permitting.
The table set, we began to dine.
表附带状况时，独立主格结构前面可以加介系词with，这里的介系词with没有什么意义，只是比较口语化。如：
I stood there with my heart beating violently.
The table was rather disorderly with several magazines lying open on
it.
He came in with his boots covered with mud.
He stood in front of us with his arms folded.

with 复合结构可以做定语和补语
独立主格 一般只做补语

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